赣北稻田水体中浮游动物群落特征

Community Characteristics of Zooplankton in Paddy Fields of Northern Jiangxi

【目的】浮游动物是稻田水体生态系统的重要组成部分,对于稻田水体生态环境监测和农田食物网结构功能分析有重要的参考指示价值。通过分析赣北稻田水体中浮游动物的群落特征,为评估水稻栽培管理措施中农药施用对浮游动物群落的影响提供理论依据。【方法】选择江西省3市6县区的9个样点,对稻田农药区和无农药区的水体浮游动物多样性和群落特征进行了调查分析。【结果】江西赣北地区稻田水体浮游动物共有53属107种,主要类群为轮虫有43属90种,占种类总数的84.1%;9处采样点主要优势种有桡足类无节幼体、广布中剑水蚤、囊形单趾轮虫、十指平甲轮虫和纵长晓柱轮虫,不同采样点优势种构成变化明显。综合比较各样地农药区与非农药区显示,非农药区的浮游动物物种数和个体丰富度总体高于农药区,多数采样点非农药区的浮游动物物种多样性(H)和物种丰富度(ds)相对高于农药区。【结论】稻田水体浮游动物群落以轮虫为主,其次是桡足类,枝角类最少。农药施用对稻田水体中浮游动物群落有明显影响。研究结果对评估区域稻田水体生态系统浮游动物结构和稻田水肥农药管理措施具有理论和实践意义。

[Objective]Zooplankton is an important components in the paddy-field water ecosystem,and it has an important value of monitoring the ecological environment and analyzing the structure and function of the farmland food web in paddy fields.By analyzing the community characteristics of zooplankton in paddy fields of northern Jiangxi,this study provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the impact of pesticide on zooplankton communities in rice cultivation and management measures.[Mothods]9 sampling sites consisting of both pesticide and non-pesticide areas in 3 cities and 6 counties were selected to investigate the zooplankton diversity and community characteristics.[Result]There were 53 genera,107 species of zooplankton in the paddy fields of northern Jiangxi.The main group were rotifers,with 43 genera and 90 species,accounting for 84.1%of the total sampling species.The dominant species of 9 sampling plots were Nauplius,Mesocyclops leuckara,Monostyla bulla,Platyias militaris and Eothinia clongata,the composition of dominant species changed significantly in different sampling plots.A comprehensive comparison between the pesticide and non-pesticide area in each plot showed that the number of zooplankton species and the individual richness in non-pesticide area were generally higher than that in pesticide areas.In most of the sampling plots,zooplankton species diversity and the species richness in non-pesticide areas were relatively higher than that in pesticide areas[Conclusion]The community structure of zooplankton in paddy water was dominated by rotifers,followed by copepods and cladocerans.Pesticide had obvious impacts on zooplankton community in paddy water.The results had both theoretical and practical significance for evaluating the zooplankton composition of the regional rice field water ecosystem and the management measures of fertilizer,water,and pesticides in the rice field.