“生存美学”还是“意识形态”——齐泽克与晚期福柯的伦理之争

“Aesthetics of Existence”or“Ideology”——The Controversy on Ethics between Michel Foucault Late in Life and Slavoj Žižek

法国哲学家米歇尔·福柯在其学术生涯的晚期将思考的重心转向“关注自我”的伦理问题,通过将历史谱系学、权力理论等引入主体自我塑造的历史脉络中,形成具有生存美学意味的伦理道路。而斯洛文尼亚学者齐泽克以完全不同的主体观和理论思路对福柯晚期的伦理观持强烈批判态度,将福柯的伦理学视为一种意识形态幻象。这在齐泽克的主体视角中有其道理,但因忽视了福柯理论自身的发展线索,这种批评又有失公允。

In the late stage of his academic career,Michel Foucault,a French philosopher,shifted his focus to the ethical issue of“self-concern”and formed his ethical concept with an aesthetic flavor of existence by introducing historical genealogy and power theory into the historical context of self-shaping of subjects.However,the Slovenian scholarŽižek,who held completely different views and theories on subjects,regarded Foucault’s ethics as an ideological illusion and was strongly critical of it.AlthoughŽižek’s criticism made sense from his own perspective of subjects,it was not entirely fair because he ignored the evolution of Foucault’s theory.