立案登记制下行政诉讼原告资格的审查研究——兼论保护规范理论的适用

Research on the Examination of Plaintiff’s Qualification in Administrative Litigation Under the Litigation Registration System:also on the Application of Theory of Protection Norms

立案登记制的核心价值在于简化立案环节的审查、降低立案门槛,但是行政诉讼立案登记制已经偏离了这一核心价值,在原告资格审查方面表现出较强的“立案审查”色彩。保护规范理论的引入顺应了法治发展的潮流,但由于此理论在原告资格的利害关系判断上较以往标准更具复杂性,因而径直引入可能导致行政诉讼立案登记制在操作上更加繁琐,既进一步背离立案登记制的核心价值,又无益于当事人的诉权保障。为弥合异化的行政诉讼立案登记制与保护规范理论之间的缝隙,有“实现立案登记制核心价值的回归”和“借鉴保护规范理论的分阶处理”两条道路可供选择,从长远来看,应当以后者为过渡、以两条道路的融合为归宿。

The core value of the litigation registration system is to simplify the review of filing links and reduce the filing threshold.However,the administrative litigation registration system has deviated from this value and showed a strong color of“case-filing review”in terms of plaintiff qualification.The introduction of the theory of protection norms conforms to the development trend of the rule of law,but because its judgment of the“interest”of the plaintiff’s qualification is more complex than the previous standards,the direct introduction may lead to a more cumbersome operation,which will further deviate from its core value and is not conducive to the protection of the litigation rights of the parties concerned.In order to bridge the gap between the alienated litigation registration system and the theory of protection norms,there are two paths to choose from:“the core value return of litigation registration system”and“hierarchical treatment based on the theory of protection norms”.In the long run,the latter should serve as the transition and the integration of the two paths as the destination.