基于改进CenterNet的航拍绝缘子缺陷实时检测模型

Real-time Detection Model of Insulator Defect Based on Improved CenterNet

针对无人机在电力巡检过程中对绝缘子及其缺陷检测的准确率较低、实时性较差的问题,提出一种改进CenterNet的绝缘子缺陷检测模型。首先,使用轻量级网络EfficientNet-B0代替原始模型的特征提取网络ResNet18,在保证模型提取能力的同时加快了其推理速度;其次,搭建特征加强模块(Feature Enhancement Module,FEM),并对经过上采样后的特征通道权重进行合理分配,抑制无效特征,并借鉴FPN(Feature Pyramid Networks)融合浅层与深层特征,使特征层信息更加丰富;然后在CenterNet-Head中引入空间和通道混合的注意力机制CA(Coordinate Attention),使类别和位置信息的预测更加准确;最后,使用Soft-NMS解决在模型检测过程中由中心点预测不准导致的“单目标多框”问题。实验结果表明,改进的CenterNet比原始模型的精度提高了11.92%,速度提高了8.95 FPS,模型大小减小了54 MB。与其他检测模型相比,改进模型的精度与速度均有提高,证明了其实时性和鲁棒性。

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to detect insulators and their defects in real time and efficiently in the course of electric patrol inspection of UAV,an improved insulator defect detection model based on CenterNet is proposed.Firstly,lightweight network EfficientNet-B0 is used to replace the original model’s feature extraction network ResNet18,which ensures the model extraction ability and speeds up its reasoning speed.Then,a feature enhancement module FEM is built,which distributes the weight of the feature channels after upsampling reasonably and suppresses invalid features.Using FPN(feature pyramid networks)for reference,the shallow and deep features are integrated to enrich the information of feature layer.Secondly,the coordination attention(CA)mechanism,which is a mixture of space and channel,is introduced into CenterNet-Head,which makes the prediction of category and location information more accurate.Finally,Soft-NMSis used to solve the problem of“single target and multiple frames”caused by inaccurate prediction of center points in the process of model detection.Experimental results show that the precision of the improved CenterNet is improved by 11.92%,the speed is increased by 8.95 FPS,and the model size is reduced by 54 MB.Compared with other detection models,the accuracy and speed are improved,which proves the real-time performance and robustness of the improved model.