肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症的风险评估及预防策略——基于放疗科“无栓病房”的临床实践

Risk assessment and prevention strategy of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism--based on the clinical practice of“thrombosis-free ward”in the radiotherapy department

肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症(CAT)是指恶性肿瘤合并静脉血栓栓塞症,包括深静脉血栓形成、浅表性血栓静脉炎和肺栓塞,是肿瘤患者常见的并发症和死亡原因。肿瘤疾病存在复杂性,血栓风险和出血风险随肿瘤类型、分期和疾病进展而变化。“无栓病房”是一种全新的医护管理模式,对住院患者采用静脉血栓栓塞症风险评估表进行评分,根据评估结果将患者分为低危和高危患者并进行适当干预,以更好地监测患者的实时栓塞风险,及早预防静脉血栓栓塞症的发生。通过打造“无栓病房”,有效提高医护人员对血栓的诊疗水平,强化患者和家属对血栓的认识。该文基于该院放疗科“无栓病房”的临床实践,对CAT的现状、风险评估以及预防策略进行综述。

Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism(CAT)refers to malignant tumor complicated with venous thromboembolism,including deep vein thrombosis,superficial thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism.It is a common complication and cause of death in tumor patients.Tumor diseases are complex,and the risk of thrombosis and bleeding varies with tumor type,stage and disease progression.“Thrombosis-free ward”is a brand-new medical management mode.The inpatients are scored by using a venous thromboembolism risk assessment form and are divided into low-risk and high-risk patients according to the assessment results,and then appropriate interventions are carried out to better monitor the real-time embolism risk of the patients and prevent the occurrence of venous thromboembolism as soon as possible.Through the establishment of“thrombosis-free ward”,the medical staff can effectively improve the diagnosis and treatment level of thrombosis,and strengthen the awareness of the patients and their families about thrombosis.Based on the clinical practice of“thrombosis-free ward”in the radiotherapy department of our hospital,this paper reviews the current situation,risk assessment and prevention strategies of CAT.