中国水稻栽培技术的演变与展望

Evolution and Prospect of Rice Cultivation Technology in China

水稻对保障我国粮食安全和社会稳定作出了卓越贡献。直播和育苗移栽作为水稻两大栽培技术体系,历史悠久,已广泛应用于生产。本文总结了水稻直播和育苗移栽技术的演变、发展及由其衍生的其它栽培技术体系;对比了直播和移栽技术的优缺点和产量形成特点,在一定程度上阐明了不同栽培方式导致产量差异的原因。为实现水稻节本、增效、绿色和可持续生产,从加大农艺与农机结合、品种改良与栽培技术创新、适度开展工厂化育秧、合理施用化肥和农药、适度开展种植与养殖结合等角度展望了水稻栽培技术的发展方向。

Rice has made remarkable contributions to food security and social stability in China.Direct seeding and seedling transplanting,as two major rice cultivation technology systems,have a long history and been widely used in rice cultivation.This paper reviewed the evolution and development of direct seeding and seedling transplanting techniques of rice and other systems of cultivation techniques derived from them.The advantages and disadvantages of direct seeding and transplanting techniques and the formation of yield were compared,and the reasons for the yield difference caused by different cultivation technology were clarified to a certain extent.In order to realize cost saving,efficiency increasing,green and sustainable rice production,the development direction of rice cultivation technology was prospected from the combination of agronomy and agricultural machinery,variety improvement and cultivation technology innovation,moderately carry out factory seedling raising,rational application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide,moderately carry out the combination of planting and breeding.