共赢抑或俱损:教师教学评价困境的实证研究

All-Win or All-Lose:Empirical Research on the Dilemma of Teachers’Teaching Evaluation

教师教学评价是诊断教师专业素养、监测学生培养质量的重要手段,也是教育教学改革的重要依据。通过对A高校2个学年6431个教师教学360度评价样本进行调查、统计与分析,有如下发现:1)生评教、上级同级评教均呈负偏态高狭峰分布,分数虚高且区分度低,可择差却难以选优;2)生评教结果与班级规模低度负相关,与教师学历、科研成果和年龄呈极弱的显著负相关,与教师评定学生成绩的宽严程度呈共赢趋势;3)上级同级评教倾向于凭教师的人口变量予以主观评价,多通过互评高分实现共赢;4)教师荣誉评定重视科研成果、学历、职称等,将教学质量这一核心因素排除在外。各教学评价指标表面上实现了共赢,实则俱损学生培养质量和教师专业素养的提升,据此提出从重建评教价值理性、尝试立体360度大数据评教、以反馈促发展3方面重构教师教学评价机制。

A teacher’s teaching evaluation is an important means to diagnose the teacher’s professionalism and monitor the quality of student training.It is also important for educational and teaching reform.According to statistics and analysis from a survey consisting of 6,431 teachers’teaching evaluation samples gathered within two academic years in a sample university,the following findings are found:a)Student evaluation,superior evaluation,and peer evaluation show negative skewed high and narrow peak distribution,the scores are falsely high with a low degree of differentiation,and it is difficult to see outstanding evaluation results.b)The results of student evaluation on teaching bear a negative correlation with class size,and share a weak but significant negative correlation with teachers’educational qualifications,scientific research achievements,and age.In addition,the results show a positive relationship with the degree of leniency when teachers score students’performance.c)Both superior and peer evaluations tend to make subjective evaluations based on teachers’demographic variables,thus achieving win-win results by giving each other high scores.d)Teachers’honor evaluation attaches importance to scientific research achievements,academic qualifications and professional titles,etc.,yet excludes the core factor of teaching quality.All teaching evaluation indicators have achieved a win-win situation on the surface.However,they have all damaged the quality of student training and the improvement of teachers’professional quality.Based on this,it is proposed to reconstruct the teaching evaluation mechanism from three aspects:rebuilding the value rationality of teaching evaluation,trying to evaluate teaching with three-dimensional 360-degree big data,and promoting development through feedback.