深水钻探装备技术发展现状及展望

State-of-the-Art and Prospect of Deepwater Drilling Units

深水钻探装备在海洋资源开发中扮演着重要角色。在海洋油气资源开发中,它广泛应用于油气资源储量评价、完井、修井和试油作业;在海洋矿产资源开发中,它是评估多金属硫化物资源储量和品位的关键装备。该文介绍了海洋资源开发的典型阶段及装备,重点针对深海资源开发的钻探装备,阐述了国内外的技术发展现状,分析了典型深水钻探装备的设计要点,并展望了深水钻探装备的技术发展趋势。在深水钻探装备的开发设计中,不仅需关注总体性能指标的综合平衡、总体布置、重量控制、结构性能和主要系统的集成设计,而且还需考虑不同船型特征带来的特殊问题,如半潜式钻井平台的气隙分析和关键结构节点设计、钻井船的月池对总体性能的影响等。随着深海资源开发的稳步推进,未来深水钻探装备将在智能化技术应用、无隔水管泥浆闭式循环技术、绿色节能钻机、高效取芯技术以及极地环境适应性等方面取得突破和进展。

Deepwater drilling unit plays an important role in the exploration of marine resources.In the exploration of marine oil and gas resources,it is widely used for the evaluation of the oil and gas resource reserve,well completion,workover and oil testing operation.Whereas in the exploration of marine mineral resources,it is the key equipment to evaluate the reserves and grade of polymetallic sulfide resources.The typical stages and equipment of marine resource exploration are introduced in this article.Focusing on the drilling unit for deepwater resource exploration,it introduces the state-of-the-art of the drilling unit at home and abroad,analyzes the design points of typical deepwater drilling units,and prospects the technical development trend of the deepwater drilling unit.In the design of the deepwater drilling unit,it focuses on the comprehensive balance of the overall performance,general arrangement,weight control,structural performance and integrated design of main systems.At the same time,special problems caused by different ship types should also be considered,such as the air gap analysis and key structural node design of the semisubmersible drilling unit,and the impact of the moonpool of the drilling ship on the overall performance.With the steady progress of the deepwater resource exploration,future deepwater drilling units will make breakthroughs and progress in the intelligent technology application,non-riser mud closed circulation technology,green energy-saving drilling rigs,high-efficiency coring technology and polar environmental adaptability.