核电工程建造过程质量风险管理的实践与思考

Practice and Reflection on Quality Risk Management in Nuclear Power Project Construction Process

“十四五”期间预计国内核电项目建设将显著提速,从核电工程EPC总承包管理的角度分析核电建设过程的风险管理,在设计、采购和建造三个环节中,建造过程的风险管理应成为今后一段时期的关注重点。对某总包单位的核电项目风险分级管理体系进行了描述,对现行质量保证和质量控制体系下质量风险管理的有效性进行了分析,提出应将事前预防作为进一步提升核电工程质量的重点。在事前预防方面,对质量控制活动实施分级管理,包含完整的风险识别、风险评估和风险应对过程,是开展质量风险管理的有效措施;提出了从任务类型和失误结果两个维度运用防人因失误原理,制定措施以减少失误、避免不符合的发生;强调了核安全文化引领下的领导力作用,根据工程实践对项目层面的决策层、管理层和执行层三个主体,分别指出了在质量风险管理工作中应该关注的重点。

During the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan period, it is expected that the construction of domestic nuclear power projects will be significantly accelerated. The risk management of nuclear power construction process is analyzed from the perspective of EPC management of nuclear power projects. In the three links of design, procurement and construction, the risk management of construction process should become the focus of attention in the future. This paper described the risk classification management system of a nuclear power project of a general contractor, analyzed the effectiveness of quality risk management under the current quality assurance and quality control system, and indicated that prevention in advance should be taken as the key point to further improve the quality of nuclear power project. In terms of prevention in advance, the implementation of hierarchical management for quality control activities, including a complete risk identification, risk assessment and risk response process, is an effective measure to carry out quality risk management. It was proposed to apply the principle of human error prevention to reduce errors and avoid the occurrence of nonconformance from two aspects of task type and error result. According to the engineering practice, the key points that should be paid attention to in quality risk management are pointed out respectively from the decision-making level, management level and executive level of the project.