施莱尔马赫《论宗教》中的社会性原则

A Study of the Social Principle in Schleiermacher's On Religion

学界过去常常把施莱尔马赫的情感宗教诠释成主体主义的、私人的宗教,忽视了其宗教观中深厚的社会、历史性维度。文章通过对《论宗教》的深入分析指出社会性原则是《论宗教》的建构性原则。施莱尔马赫认为宗教社会对于作为宗教本质的“直观与情感”而言,并非可有可无的“辅助选项”,而是“必须被接收的规范性现实”。施莱尔马赫的宗教沟通具有三个特征:自由、交互和互补,基于此,《论宗教》描述的宗教社会具有三大特征:自由、流动和统一。

Schleiermacher's theory of religion has often been seen as subjective,and private,ignoring its profound social and historical dimensions.Through the in-depth analysis of On Religion,the paper demonstrates the former view is unfair.The social principle is the constructive principle of On Religion,and the religious society is not the dispensable element,but is the normative reality that must be accepted for the nature of religion as"the intuition and feeling".The paper demonstrates that the religious communication has three characteristics--free,reciprocate and complementary.Based on this,the paper finally elaborates the three traits of religious society:free,flowing,and unified.