近现代日本的“满洲风土”暨自然与社会文化调查书写评析

Modern Japan and the Investigation and Writing of“Manchurian”Nature and Social Culture

近现代日本在率先成为亚洲经济与军事强国、走向帝国扩张之路后,从日俄战争开始至1945年战败,由于其把对我国东北作为其“帝国生命线”和侵略目标,故接连不断地对东北进行以帝国主义扩张为目的所谓“满洲风土”包括自然地理与人文地理暨社会文化在内的调查、书写与刊行。伪满洲国建立后又有“满映”的“文化映画”和科教纪录电影参与了对“满洲风土”的映写,还有近现代日本作家文人的“满洲想象”与现地叙写,构成了数量庞大的文化殖民主义文献。这些调查刊写总体的性质和目的都是为日本侵略中国的政治“国策”服务,隶属于“帝国”视域的知识生产体系,具有文化帝国主义和殖民主义的逻辑与装置以及东亚殖民主义症候。当然,这些调查书写也包含和留存了某些具有知识性与学术性、历史性与方志性暨地域文化的较为完整的珍稀史料文献,对东北和内蒙古边疆史地研究及地方志修撰具有借鉴参考价值,宜应以历史唯物主义立场对其进行实事求是的甄别与评析。

After it took the lead in becoming an economic and military power in Asia and moving towards imperial expansion in modern times from the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War to its defeat in 1945,Japan continuously carried out the so-called program of“Manchurian nature and social culture”to investigate,write and publish physical geography,human geography and social culture in the area for imperialist expansion,taking the aggression against the Northeast China as the“lifeline of the empire”and its target.After the founding of the Manchuria,“cultural film”and science and educational documentary films of“Manchurian Film Co.”participated in the writing of“Manchurian nature and social culture”.The“Manchurian imagination”and local description of modern Japanese writers and literati also constituted a large amount of cultural colonial literature.The overall nature and purpose of these investigative journals are to serve Japan’s political“national policy”of invading China,which is part of the knowledge production system of the“empire”,with the features of cultural imperialism and colonialism as well as the symptoms of East Asian colonialism.Of course,these investigations also contain some relatively complete rare historical documents concerning intellect,academy,history,local chronicles and regional culture,which has reference value for the study of history and geography and the compilation of local chronicles in the Northeast and Inner Mongolia borderlands,and should be discriminated and evaluated in the context of historical materialism.