严寒、寒冷和夏热冬冷地区建筑产能潜力及运行经济性分析

Analysis of Building’s Power Generation Potential and Operation Economy in Severe Cold,Cold and Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zones

实现产能建筑需要提高建筑节能水平并充分利用可再生能源。近年来,我国近零能耗建筑规模的不断扩大和光伏组件成本的迅速降低为产能建筑的发展创造了条件。在参考和借鉴德国、日本、美国和中国产能建筑、近零能耗建筑定义的基础上,提出了产能建筑的定义。研究了在严寒、寒冷和夏热冬冷气候区不同城市应用建筑节能技术且屋面安装分布式光伏系统时,办公建筑可以实现产能的最大层数。对比符合现行节能设计标准的建筑,近零能耗建筑实现产能具有更强的可行性。以北京市近零能耗建筑为例,分析了近零能耗建筑实现产能后的运行经济性,计算结果表明,仅考虑经济效益时,全额上网模式总运行费用在24年运行周期时间内少于余电上网模式总运行费用,用户使用更为经济。

To realize the energy-plus building,we need to improve the level of building energy conservation and make full use of renewable energy.In recent years,the scale expansion of nearly zero energy buildings and the obvious decline of photovoltaic module price create conditions for energy-plus building in China.The definitions of energy-plus building and zero energy building in Germany,Japan,the United States and China have been reviewed and studied.On this basis,the definition of energy-plus building is proposed.The application of nearly zero energy building technology and photovoltaic power generation technology in public buildings in severe cold,cold and hot summer and cold winter zones is expounded,as well as the maximum number of floors of energy-plus public buildings.Comparing current design standards for energy efficiency,nearly zero energy buildings are more likely to generate power cover the energy consumption.Taking the nearly zero energy consumption building in Beijing as an example,this paper compares operations’ benefit of an energy-plus building.The calculation results show that the operation cost of full power on grid mode is less than that of residual power on grid mode in the whole life cycle of 24 years only considering the economic benefits,which is more economical.