基于Rhino和Grasshopper平台的绿色建筑辅助设计工具开发与验证

Development and Validation of a Green Building Aid Design Tools Based on Rhino and Grasshopper Platform

当前高性能建筑设计对参数化设计和建筑性能分析的整合提出了更高要求,而通过导入/导出中间数据格式的方法整合参数化设计和建筑性能分析的方法产生的问题较多,难以在实际工程项目上实现。为了实现设计阶段的更有效整合,梳理分析了建筑日照、采光和阴影模拟分析软件在设计整合中的难点和需求,进而提出一种基于Rhino和Grasshopper平台的绿色建筑辅助设计工具(以下简称GBAT)。选取多个案例进行验证,详细对比了GBAT的日照时间计算模块和采光分析模块与Ecotect、绿建斯维尔、天正日照、PMPM软件的计算精度和计算效率。研究结果表明,GBAT的日照计算精度与Ecotect的偏差在5%以内,与天正日照计算结果基本吻合;GBAT的采光计算结果与PKPM、绿建斯维尔基本一致,偏差在5%以内。在计算效率方面,GBAT不论单线程版本还是多线程版本,日照计算速度比Ecotect都提高了数千倍;对于复杂计算案例,多线程版本比单线程版本的运算速度可稳定地提高2倍以上。所开发工具可以推广应用于设计早期阶段,使得绿色节能设计与建筑设计更有效整合。

Current high-performance building design places great demands on the integration of parametric design and building performance analysis.The integration of parametric design and building performance analysis by importing/exporting intermediate data formats is problematic and difficult to implement in real projects.In order to achieve more effective integration in the design phase,the difficulties and challenges of the building daylighting,lighting and shading simulation analysis software in the design integration are compared and analyzed,and then a green building design tool is proposed based on Rhino and Grasshopper platforms.Several cases are selected for verification,and the calculation accuracy and running time of this software’s sunlight calculation module and daylight analysis module is compared with Ecotect,GBSWARE DALI,TANGENT Sunlight and PKPM Daylight software in detail.The results of this study show that the sunlight calculation accuracy of this software is within 5% deviation from Ecotect,and highly matches with the sunlight calculation results of TANGENT Sunlight;The daylight calculation of this software is very closer to the results of PKPM and GBSWARE,and the deviation is within 5%.For running time,the single-processor version or the multi-process version of this software is thousands of times faster than Ecotect;for complex calculation cases,the calculation speed of the multi-processor version can be twice faster than the single-processor version.The tools can be applied in the early stages of design,allowing for more effective integration of sustainable design with building design.