国际假新闻的三重成因:国家、媒体与文本

Three Dimensions of the Causes of International Fake News:Country, Media and Text

国际假新闻是新闻中的异化类型,在国际关系中常被用作攻击他国的工具。当前,在西方媒体频频制造涉华假新闻的背景下,有必要深入分析国际假新闻的成因,探讨对其进行规制的手段。国际假新闻的出现是多重因素综合作用的结果,宏观层面的国家政策和意识形态会作用于中观层面的媒介组织的目标、编辑方针以及记者个人的观点与立场,进而对微观层面的新闻文本、符号以及编译过程产生影响。此外,社交媒体时代的时效困境也会导致媒体和记者疏于核查,造成国际假新闻的产生。尽管国际新闻的生产面临重重困境,但记者个人、媒介组织以及国家均应致力于构建良好的全球信息生态,减少国际假新闻的产生。

International fake news is a type of alienation of news and always used as a tool to attack other countries. At present, it is essential to analyze the causes and explore ways to regulate international fake news under the background that western media always make fake news related to China. There are multiple reasons of the emergence of international fake news, policies and ideologies of country influence the goals, editorial policies and journalists’ views of media organization, and then influence the context, signs and translation of coverages. Although the production of international news faces many difficulties, journalists, media organizations and countries should try to construct better global information ecology and reduce international fake news.