“他者”的建构:俄罗斯主流媒体“一带一路”报道的话语策略分析——以《俄罗斯报》《生意人报》为例

Construction of the Others:A Discourse Tactic Analysis of BRI Reports from Russian Mainstream Media:Taking Rossiyskaya Gazeta and Kommersant as the Cases

本文以评价理论为依据,选取俄罗斯主流媒体《俄罗斯报》与《生意人报》刊登的10篇关于“一带一路”的报道为研究样本,对报道文本进行话语分析。研究发现,俄罗斯媒体对“一带一路”整体上进行了积极的话语建构,在词汇、语篇等层面灵活运用多种类型的资源。本文进一步对比了中俄两国记者采用报道策略的差异,与中国记者采用单一赞扬的介入资源相比,俄罗斯记者的态度相对客观且务实,重点讲述“一带一路”与俄罗斯国家和民众利益相关的部分。基于此,本文提出对外传播改进建议:以目标国受众的兴趣、偏好为着眼点,报道内容不宜照搬国内;从贴近生活的微观视角入手,摒弃宏大叙事;对于问题不应回避,应以客观、深刻的分析为受众提供实用信息与观点。

Based on the Appraisal Theory, this paper analyzes the text of 10 reports about Belt & Road Initiative(BRI) published by Russian mainstream media Rossiyskaya Gazeta and Kommersant. It is found that the Russian media, as a whole, construct the discourse of BRI actively, and use various types of resources at the lexical and textual levels flexibly. And then this research compares the differences between the reporting tactics of Chinese and Russian journalists. Compared with the Chinese journalists’ use of a monotonous source of praise, the attitude of Russian journalists is relatively objective and pragmatic, with the focus on the parts of the BRI that are relevant to the interests of the Russian government and people. In conclusion, this paper puts forward suggestions for external communication: focusingon the interest and preference of the target audience, the content of the report should not be copied from the domestic point of view;starting from the micro, close-to-lift perspective and discarding the grand narrative;not avoiding problems, objective and profound analysis should be provided to the audience with practical information and views.