教育应回归人的生命本质——论自否定对教育的规定

Education should Return to the Essence of Human Life——On the Provision of Education by Self-negation

自否定是一种基于人的自我意识所产生的,具有反身性、规定性与超越性的自己否定自己的能动性活动,人因自否定而存续。自否定是人类的本性,伴随人类历史类经验的积淀逐步成为人的潜在天性,它初始表现为非理性与无意识的前否定,需要通过教育的引导实现向自否定的转化。教育中自否定的缺位导致了教育过度程式化与同一化的问题,致使“单向度的人”“常人”等教育结果的产生。自否定作为人的天性与成长特性是教育的重要起点,也为教育价值提供了重要的向标,自否定要求教育指向人的社会性、创造性与自主性的培养。

Self-negation is a kind of self-consciousness based on human being,which is reflexive,prescriptive and transcendent and because of which human being exists.Self-negation is human nature of the species,gradually becomes human’s potential nature with the accumulation of human historical experience,which shows as pre-negation of irrationality and unconsciousness initially,and transforms into self-negation through the guidance of education.The absence of self-negation in education causes the problem of over-stylization and identity of education,leading to the appearance of “one-way people” and “ordinary people”.As human nature and growth characteristics,self-negation is an important starting point of education and also provides an important target for educational value,which requires education to point to the cultivation of human sociality,creativity and autonomy.