陕西周原云塘制骨作坊“居葬合一”论

Discussion on the "Residence-Burial Combined" Phenomenon at Yuntang Boneware Workshop of Zhouyuan Site, Shaanxi Province

周原遗址云塘制骨作坊的居址与墓葬两类遗存共处一地,紧邻分布,有叠压打破关系;陶器分期表明,二者的年代均从西周早期延续到西周晚期,存在“相对共时”;制骨废料的出土状况可证明两者存在“绝对共时”;出土铜器族徽可证明两者为同一族群。因此,云塘制骨作坊应属“居葬合一”堆积形态。这一认识有助于进一步研究周原遗址殷遗民手工业作坊与社会结构,对三代聚落形态和社会组织研究提供了新思路。

The burial forms reflected in the Western Zhou remains at the Zhouyuan site can be divided into two categories: the first type can be referred to as "residence-burial combined", that is, the remains of residence and burial are in the same location, densely distributed and even lead to overlapping and cutting-into phenomena. There is no clear distinction between residential area and burial ground, both belonging to the same group of people. The other type can be called "separation of residence and burial", that is, the residential and burial remains of the same group of people are located in separate places, lying far apart from each other, and can be clearly distinguished.According to archaeological materials over the years, residential and burial remains at Yuntang boneware workshop of Zhouyuan site meet the characteristics of the first type. Periodization of the pottery shows that they both lasted from the early to late Western Zhou dynasty, in other words,they relatively co-existed for a long time. And the bone waste unearthed proves the "absolute synchronicity". The emblem inscriptions on the bronze indicate that they belong to the same clan.Thus, the remains at Yuntang boneware workshop are "residential-burial combined" residue.Our conclusion helps in further study on the handicraft workshops and social structure of the survivors of former Yin dynasty at Zhouyuan site, and provides new clues for the study of the threegeneration settlements and social organizations.