亲代养育与柔情问卷在中国大学生群体中的修订

The Revision of Parental Care and Tenderness(PCAT) in Chinese College Students

目的:本研究拟修订亲代养育与柔情问卷中文版,验证该量表在中国背景下的因素结构,并检验其信效度。方法:在大学生群体中发放问卷1200份,回收1017份;另用共情关注、女性性别角色、生育意愿作为效标,八周后抽取92名学生进行重测。结果:探索性因素分析得到保护和抚育2个因子,特征根分别为3.68和1.76,累计方差贡献率为54.38%。验证性因素分析显示结构拟合良好(χ^(2)/df=3.97, GFI=0.93, CFI=0.92, IFI=0.92, NFI=0.90, RMSEA=0.087,RMR=0.06);总量表及2个分量表内部一致性信度在0.68-0.84之间,重测信度在0.41-0.81之间;总量表及两个分量表与共情关注相关(r=0.34-0.44, P<0.01)、女性性别角色相关(r=0.30-0.48,P<0.01)均具有统计学意义,而抚育维度和总分与生育意愿相关(r=0.249-0.25, P<0.05)具有统计学意义。结论:亲代养育与柔情问卷在中国大学生群体中具有良好的信效度,可以用于测量中国人的亲代养育动机。

Objective: The study aims to revise the Chinese version of the Parental Care and Tenderness(PCAT), to examine the structure of PCAT and test its reliability and validity. Methods: A sample of 1200 college students were tested,and 1017 were collected. 92 students were randomly selected to measure test-retest reliability(Eight weeks later). The Empathic Concern, the Sex Role Inventory, and the desire to have children were used to measure the convergent validity. Results: The results of EFA revealed that protection and nurturance were obtained, and the eigenvalues of the two factors were3.68 and 1.76 which accounted for 54.38% of the total variance. The result of CFA showed that the fit index was acceptable(χ^(2)/df=3.97, GFI=0.93, CFI=0.92, IFI=0.92, NFI=0.90, RMSEA=0.087, RMR=0.06). The Cronbach’s α of all factors ranged from 0.68 to 0.84, the test-retest reliabilities ranged from 0.41 to 0.81;The total scale and two subscales were significantly correlated with the Empathic Concern(r=0.34-0.44, P<0.01), Sex Role Inventory(r=0.30-0.48, P<0.01);The nurturance and total score were correlated with the desire to have children in nonparents(r=0.249-0.25, P<0.05). Conclusion:The Parental Care and Tenderness Questionnaire has good reliability and validity in Chinese college students, and it can be used to measure the parental care motivation in China.