中学生校园欺凌道德推脱特点及其与欺凌参与行为的关系

Characteristics of Moral Disengagement in Bullying and the Relationship with Bullying Participant Behaviors among Middle School Students

目的:探讨中学生校园欺凌道德推脱的年龄、性别特点以及与欺凌参与行为之间的关系。方法:采用校园欺凌道德推脱量表和欺凌参与行为问卷对湖南省1844名中学生进行调查。结果:(1)中学生校园欺凌道德推脱与年龄显著正相关;(2)男生七种机制得分均高于女生;(3)七种机制与五种欺凌参与行为均显著相关,但进一步回归分析发现,委婉标签是唯一能正向预测欺凌行为、负向预测保护行为的机制,道德辩护是唯一能正向预测协同欺凌行为的机制,受害者归因则是唯一能正向预测旁观行为的机制,没有一个机制能预测受欺凌行为。结论:中学生校园欺凌道德推脱随年龄增长呈上升趋势,存在一定的性别差异,且在不同的欺凌参与行为中只有某些特定机制被激活。

Objective: To explore the age and gender characteristics of moral disengagement of bullying among middle school students and its relationship with bullying participant behaviors. Methods: A sample of 1844 middle school students from Hunan province were asked to complete the Moral Disengagement in Bullying Scale and Bullying Participant Behaviors Questionnaire. Results:(1)There was a significant positive correlation between moral disengagement in bullying and age of middle school students;(2)Boys expressed significantly higher levels of seven moral disengagement in bullying,as compared with girls;(3)The seven mechanisms were significantly correlated with the five bullying participant behaviors,but further regression analysis found that euphemistic labeling was the only dimension that positively predicted bullying and negatively predicted defending behavior, moral justification was the only dimension that positively predicted assisting bullying behaviors, victim attribution was the only dimension that positively predicted outsider behaviors, while none dimensions were related to victimization. Conclusion: There is a rising trend with age and a certain gender difference of moral disengagement in bullying among middle school students. Furthermore, there are only some specific mechanisms are activated in different bullying participant behaviors.