学业自我效能感对中学生考试焦虑的影响:链式中介效应及性别差异

Effect of Academic Self-efficacy on Test Anxiety for Middle-school Students:The Chain Mediating Effect and Its Gender Difference

目的:考察生命意义感、应对方式在学业自我效能感与中学生考试焦虑之间的中介效应及性别差异。方法:采用学业自我效能感量表、人生意义问卷、简易应对方式问卷和考试焦虑量表对贵州、重庆的1013名中学生进行问卷调查。结果:①学业自我效能感、生命意义感、积极应对与考试焦虑均呈显著的负相关;消极应对与考试焦虑呈显著的正相关。②生命意义感和积极应对在学业自我效能感与考试焦虑间均起独立中介作用,且生命意义感-积极应对在学业自我效能感与中学生考试焦虑间起链式中介作用。③链式中介作用在女生中显著,而男生则是通过生命意义感或积极应对的独立中介起作用。结论:中学生学业自我效能感既通过生命意义感或积极应对独立影响考试焦虑,同时也通过生命意义感-积极应对的链式中介影响考试焦虑,这些影响存在性别差异。

Objective: To explore the impact of academic self-efficacy on test anxiety for middle-school students, as well as the chain mediating effect of sense of life meaning and coping style and its gender difference. Methods: 1013 middle-school students from Guizhou and Chongqing area were surveyed by using Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaire,Meaning in Life Questionnaire,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Test Anxiety Scale. Results:①There were significantly negative correlations among academic self-efficacy, sense of life meaning, positive coping and test anxiety. Negative coping was positive correlated with test anxiety.②Both sense of life meaning and positive coping played a mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and test anxiety, and sense of life meaning and positive coping played a chain mediating role in the relationship.③The chain mediating effect was significant in girl group, but not in boy group. Academic self-efficacy indirectly predicted test anxiety by the independent mediating effect of sense of life meaning or positive coping in boy group. Conclusion: Academic self-efficacy may influence test anxiety through the independent mediating effect of sense of life meaning or positive coping and the chain mediating effect, and there is a gender difference in these effects.