熟人社会下来访者对专业关系的态度

Clients’ Attitudes to Professional Relationship in Acquaintance Society

目的:研究中国熟人社会文化下,来访者对待专业关系的态度和行为倾向。方法:采用质性研究方法,选取16位有心理咨询意愿的访谈对象进行半结构化访谈,并采用解释现象学方法对资料进行分析。结果:来访者认为咨询师的角色类似于医生或指导者,心理咨询中的专业关系可以不拥有明确的界限,并有打破专业关系边界的行为倾向。结论:熟人社会这一文化背景会影响来访者对专业关系的理解和期待,这使得我国心理咨询或心理治疗行业中的伦理议题变得更为复杂。咨询师或治疗师需兼顾文化和实际情况做出适宜的伦理决策。

Objective: To explore clients’ attitudes to professional relationship when they ask for psychological support in the acquaintance society. Methods: Sixteen people who were intended to ask for psychological support participated the study. Materials were collected through Semi-Structured Interviews and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis(IPA). Results: Clients held the opinion that professional relationship was not necessarily limited in particular time or space, and it was similar to the doctor-patient relationship, in which a counselor or therapist played the role of mentor. Meanwhile, they had the tendency to break the boundaries between them and their counselor, through which included keeping in contact after the counselling, giving a gift, or choosing an acquaintance as their counselor. Nevertheless, some clients preferred to keep the professional relationship without other contact, because a limited professional relationship made them safe and relaxed. Conclusion: The culture of acquaintance society has an important effect on clients, especially on their attitudes towards professional relationship, which makes it difficult to make ethical decisions for Chinese counselors and therapists. In order to protect the clients as well as themselves, counselors or therapists should take the Chinese culture and the specific condition into consideration when they make ethical decisions.