2019-2020年内蒙古雷电活动特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Lightning Activity in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2020

基于内蒙古气象部门2019—2020年56站的闪电定位资料,运用ArcGIS软件与数理统计等方法对内蒙古的地闪频次、雷电流强度的空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明:2019—2020年内蒙古正地闪次数占总地闪次数的15%~20%,且全年的正地闪比例较高;2019—2020年内蒙古地区60%地闪强度集中在10~35kA,正地闪的电流强度约为负地闪的2倍;总地闪强度峰值一般出现在每年的3、4月份或12月份,5—9月平均电流强度变化较为平缓。从地闪的密度空间分布来看,高密度区主要集中在呼和浩特市、包头市、鄂尔多斯市以及东部的呼伦贝尔地区,2019年地闪密度最大值为21次·km^(-2),2020年地闪密度最大值为20次·km^(-2);从地闪强度的空间分布来看,电流强度大于80kA·km^(-2)地区主要集中在呼和浩特市、包头市、鄂尔多斯市、乌兰察布市南部、锡林郭勒盟的中部和东北部以及赤峰市东部,2019年与2020年地闪强度平均值分别为27.66 kA·km^(-2)和8.14 kA·km^(-2)。

Based on the lightning location data of 56 stations in Inner Mongolia Meteorological department from 2019 to 2020, the spatial distribution characteristics of ground lightning frequency and lightning current intensity in Inner Mongolia are analyzed by using ArcGIS software and mathematical statistics. The results show that the number of positive ground flashes in Inner Mongolia accounts for about 15% ~ 20% of the total number of ground flashes from 2019 to 2020, and the proportion of positive ground flashes in the whole year is high;From 2019 to 2020, 60% of the ground lightning intensity in Inner Mongolia is concentrated in 10 ka-35 ka, and the current intensity of positive ground lightning is about twice that of negative ground lightning;The peak value of total lightning intensity generally occurs in March, April or December at the end of each year, and the average current intensity changes gently from May to September. From the spatial distribution of ground lightning density, the high-density areas are mainly concentrated in Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos in the middle of Inner Mongolia Plateau and Hulunbuir in the East, The maximum ground flash density in 2019 is 21 times per square kilometer, and the maximum ground flash density in 2020 is 20 times per square kilometer;From the spatial distribution of ground lightning intensity, areas with current intensity greater than 80 Ka per square kilometer are mainly concentrated in Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos, the south of Ulanqab City, the middle and northeast of Xilin Gol League and the east of Chifeng City. The average ground lightning intensity in 2019 and 2020 are 27.66 kA per square kilometer and 8.14 kA per square kilometer respectively.