Schlemm管形态学的生物测量研究进展

Advances in biometrics of the morphology of Schlemm canal

Schlemm管是房水外流途径的重要组成部分,其是围绕前房角的环形管道,内壁由1层内皮细胞与小梁网相隔,外壁有25~35条集液管。目前的研究认为,Schlemm管是房水流出阻力的主要部位,对眼压调节起着重要作用。Schlemm管塌陷会引起眼压升高,导致眼底损伤,引起青光眼的发生。随着青光眼微创手术的发展进步,Schlemm管成为抗青光眼手术的重要部位。因此,对Schlemm管形态学的观察也变得尤为重要。随着影像学技术的进步,其中主要是超声生物显微镜及光相干断层扫描的发展,对Schlemm管的研究已经从最初通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜等对离体眼的组织学研究,发展到活体内对Schlemm管的影像学观察。本文就Schlemm管的结构和生理功能及离体和活体组织Schlemm管检测与评价方法进行综述。

Schlemm canal is an important part of the aqueous humor outflow pathway and a circular canal around the angle of anterior chamber.Its inner wall was separated by a layer of endothelial cells with trabecular meshwork,and its outer wall was drained by 25-30 collector channels.At present,it is considered that Schlemm canal is the main part of resistance to aqueous humor outflow and plays a vital role in the regulation of intraocular pressure.The collapse of Schlemm canal will cause the increase of intraocular pressure,which will lead to the damage of fundus oculi and the occurrence of glaucoma.With the development of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries,Schlemm canal has become a significant part in anti-glaucoma surgery.Therefore,the morphological observation of Schlemm canal is particularly important.With the development of imaging technology,mainly ultrasound biomicroscope and optical coherence tomography,the study on the morphology of Schlemm canal has developed from the initial histological study of isolated eye by light microscope and electron microscope in vitro to the imaging observation in vivo.In this review,the morphology and physiological function of Schlemm canal in aqueous humor outflow pathway and the biometrics of its morphology were described.