金融法视野下融资租赁中的承租人利益返还请求权

The Right to Claim the Interest Return of the Lessee in the Financial Lease from the Perspective of Financial Law

融资租赁中承租人的利益返还请求权不能局限于传统的物权与合同规则对承租人处于不利境地时的救济,而应在金融法理念下,基于出租人与承租人的利益平衡,对融资及借贷关系予以必要干预。应明确融资租赁的借贷属性并对租金标准予以合理限定。以租赁物收回后的价值超过欠付租金及其他费用作为返还条件并以该差额作为返还依据,与金融法的价值理念不符。应类推适用民间借贷中的利率管制规则,以承租人已付租金与出租人已付成本加可得利润之间的差额予以替代。出租人因承租人无法支付剩余租金而解除合同并收回租赁物,承租人已付租金超过出租人已付成本加合同成立时一年期贷款市场报价利率的2倍利润的,有权对差额部分主张返还。租赁物收回后的剩余价值应在出租人成本中予以扣除。行业主管部门应组织违约责任保险和行业风险基金,抑制承租人利益返还请求权的负外部性。

In financial lease,the lessee’s right to claim the return of interests cannot be limited to the relief on the lessee when the lessee stays in disadvantageous situation under the traditional property and contract rules.Instead,it should be made by necessary interventions in financing and lending relationships,based on the balance of interests between the lessor and the lessee under the concept of financial law.The borrowing attribute of financial lease should be clarified and the rent standard should be reasonably limited.It is inconsistent with the concept of financial law that the value of the leased property after recovery exceeding the arrears rent and other expenses is treated as a return condition and the difference is used as the basis for return.The interest rate control rules in private lending should be applied analogously,and the difference between the rent paid by the lessee and the cost paid by the lessor plus the reasonable profits should be replaced as the basis.If the lessor terminates the contract and takes back the leased property because the lessee is unable to pay the remaining rent,and the lessee has paid more than the cost paid by the lessor plus the profit of twice the one-year loan prime rate(LPR)at the time of the establishment of the contract,the lessee has the right to claim the difference as return.The residual value of the leased property after recovery shall be deducted from the lessor’s cost.Industry authorities should organize breach of contract liability insurance and industry risk funds to restrain the negative externalities of the lessee’s claim for interest return.