美国域外数据管辖权研究

United States Jurisdiction over Extraterritorial Data

美国通过立法确立了以数据控制者为标准的域外数据管辖权,将美国公司在全球数据领域的优势转变为美国对域外数据的管辖权。尽管美国对域外管辖权设置了一定的限制,但是这些限制规则在很大程度上仅具有形式意义,并不能实际避免其域外管辖与数据所在地国的属地管辖发生冲突,进而严重威胁到包括中国在内的大部分国家的数据主权。中国应积极联合新兴国家与发展中国家,主动参与国际数据合作机制的创立,提升在数据管辖方面国际规则体系构建中的话语权。同时,中国应采取措施提高中国企业在全球数据领域的竞争力及规则意识,真正地应对美国的数据霸权。

The United States has published laws to establish United States jurisdiction over extraterritorial data in terms of data controllers,which turns the domination of American companies in the global data field into extraterritorial jurisdiction of the United States.Although the United States has set certain restrictions on extraterritorial jurisdiction,it cannot avoid conflicts between its extraterritorial jurisdiction and the territorial jurisdiction of the state where the data is located since those restrictions are largely a formality.It seriously threatens the data sovereignty of most countries including China.China shall also actively work with emerging countries and developing states,in order to establish an international data cooperation mechanisms which can countermeasure the United States data hegemony and promote international data governance.Meanwhile,China shall take measures to increase competitive of Chinese companies in the global data market and their spirit of rule of law in order to truly reverse domination of United States data power.