2020年常州市武进区噪声作业者听力现状分析

Analysis on the current situation of hearing of noise operators in Wujin District of Changzhou City in 2020

目的分析噪声作业对工人听力的影响,为预防职业性噪声聋提供一定的依据。方法收集2020年常州市武进辖区内的企业中接触噪声并进行噪声职业健康检查的48288名在岗工人的纯音气导听阈测试结果。计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用Pearson卡方检验、趋势性检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2020年常州市武进辖区内接触噪声并进行健康检查的在岗工人数为48288人,其中听力异常者4746人,异常率为10.9%。不同年龄阶段的在岗工人听力异常率有统计学意义(P<0.001);随着年龄的增加,听力异常率有一定的上升趋势(P<0.001)。不同工龄的在岗工人听力异常率具有统计学意义(P<0.001);随着工龄的增加,听力异常率有上升趋势(P<0.001)。不同规模的企业中在岗工人的听力异常率有统计学意义(P<0.001);随着企业规模的缩小,听力异常率明显增加(P<0.001)。结论为降低生产性噪声对工人健康的损害,需明确与噪声危害相关的因素,有目标性的加强企业管理,做好健康知识宣传,使噪声危害尽可能降低。

Objective To analyze the effect of noise work on hearing of workers,and to provide basis for the prevention of occupational noise deafness.Methods The pure tone air conduction threshold test results of 48288 on-the-job workers exposed to noise and subjected to occupational health examination were collected from enterprises in Wujin District of Changzhou City in 2020.Count data rate was indicated.Pearson chi-square test and trend test were used for comparison between groups,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The number of on-thejob workers exposed to noise and had health examination was 48288 in Wujin District of Changzhou City in 2020,among which 4746 had abnormal hearing,and the abnormal rate was10.9%.There was significant difference in the rate of hearing abnormality among workers of different ages(P<0.001).With the increase of age,the rate of hearing abnormality had a certain upward trend(P<0.001).The rate of hearing abnormality among workers of different working ages was statistically different(P<0.001).With the increase of length of service,the rate of hearing abnormality had an increasing trend(P<0.001).The rate of hearing abnormality among workers in enterprises of different sizes had obvious statistical difference(P<0.001).With the reduction of enterprise scale,the rate of hearing abnormality increased significantly(P<0.001).Conclusions In order to reduce the damage to workers′health caused by productive noise,it is necessary to identify the factors related to noise hazard,strengthen enterprise management in a targeted way,and publicize health knowledge so as to reduce the harm as far as possible.