国内外生态补偿研究及其对洱海流域农业面源污染治理的启示

Research on Ecological Compensation at home and abroad and its enlightenment to Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control in Erhai Basin

国内外关于生态补偿的研究文献较为丰富,由于理论出发点不同、技术制约以及制度与文化背景等的差异,针对农业面源污染的生态补偿的具体实践在包括参与者、补偿标准、支付条件和补偿方式在内的机制设计上也各不相同。通过对文献的梳理和对国内外流域生态系统服务管理经验回顾,可以得出结论:没有任何规则适合所有情况,必须结合洱海流域经济社会发展的特点,建立与区域补偿和行业补偿为中心的农业面源污染激励机制。

There are abundant research literatures on ecological compensation at home and abroad.Due to different theoretical starting points,technical constraints,and differences in institutional and cultural backgrounds,the specific practice of ecological compensation for agricultural non-point source pollution includes participants,compensation standards,and payment conditions.The mechanism design,including the compensation method,is also different.By reviewing the literature and reviewing domestic and foreign experience in the management of watershed ecosystem services,this paper can draw the conclusion that no rule is suitable for all situations,and it is necessary to combine the characteristics of the economic and social development of the Erhai Basin to establish a regional compensation and industrial compensation-centered system.Agricultural non-point source pollution incentive mechanism.