大气环境对石质文物遗址病变机理的影响研究

Effect of Atmospheric Environment on Pathological Mechanism of Stone Cultural Relic Site

为强化石质文物建筑保护与周边环境综合治理的协调,推动我国文物保护由抢救性保护向抢救性和预防性保护相结合方向发展,通过实地考察,实验室模拟和理论分析的方法,开展影响室外石质文物遗址长期保存的不利因素研究,取得以下认识:我国石质文物材质主要包括砂岩、石灰岩和花岗岩,由长石、石英和方解石矿物组成,在室外条件下经受着物理、化学和生物作用侵蚀,发生着石质文物建筑病害过程。在大气水淋滤作用下,石质文物发生着溶蚀、溶解和新矿物沉淀作用,形成了蜂窝状孔洞、裂缝和斑痕等病害,形成溶蚀坑、溶蚀凹槽、溶蚀条带和齿状残余锥。石质文物建筑长期保护的不利因素包括地质环境、大气环境、水文环境、生物环境和人文环境。在石质文物保护过程中,对大气环境和水文环境的治理应放在首位,是根本的石质文物保护方法。

To strengthen the construction of surfaces of stone relics protection and the surrounding environment comprehensive coordination,promote the protection of cultural relics in China by combining eco-systems to eco-systems and preventive protection direction,through field investigation,laboratory simulation and theoretical analysis method,carry out the adverse factors influencing the long-term preservation of outdoor stone relics sites,achieve the following:Stone cultural relics in China mainly includ e sandstone,limestone and granite,which are composed of feldspar,quartz and calcite minerals.They are eroded by physical,chemical and biological action under outdoor conditions,and the disease process of stone cultural relics construction occurs.Under the action of atmospheric water leaching,the stone cultural relics are corroded,dissolved and new mineral precipitation,forming honeycomb holes,cracks and spots and other diseases,forming corrosion pits,corrosion grooves,corrosion bands and toothed residual cones.The unfavorable factors of long-term protection of stone buildings include geological environment,atmospheric environment,hydrological environment,biological environment and human environment.In the process of stone cultural relics protection,the treatment of atmospheric environment and hydrological environment should be given priority,which is also the fundamental method of stone cultural relics protection.