常见园林植物对NO_(2)胁迫的耐受性及吸收与恢复能力

Effects of common garden plants on tolerance, absorption and recovery abilities to NO_(2) stress

【目的】以城市道路绿化实际应用为依据,研究江苏省境内常见的园林植物对NO_(2)胁迫的耐受性及吸收能力和恢复能力。【方法】采用实验室人工熏气方法,分析江苏省常见的38种园林植物对NO_(2)的耐受性及吸收与恢复能力,筛选耐受性强、吸收能力强和恢复能力强的植物种类。【结果】对NO_(2)耐受性强且吸收能力强或较强的植物有熊掌木(×Fatshedera lizei)、龟甲冬青(Ilex crenata var.convexa)、木姜子(Litsea pungens)、常春藤(Hedera nepalensis)、金边黄杨(Euonymus japonicus‘Aurea-marginatus’)、小叶黄杨(Buxus sinica var.parvifolia)、大吴风草(Farfugium japonicum);对NO_(2)耐受性强且恢复能力强或较强的植物包括普陀鹅耳枥(Carpinus putoensis)、熊掌木、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、龟甲冬青、瓜子黄杨(Buxus sinica)、木姜子、金叶银杏(Ginkgo biloba‘Wannianjin’)、金边黄杨、矮麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus‘Nana’)和金边玉簪(Hosta‘Green Gold’)等19个种;吸收能力和恢复能力均强或较强水平的植物有茶梅(Camellia sasanqua)、金边黄杨、常春藤、花叶蔓长春(Vinca major‘Variegata’)、小叶黄杨、大吴风草和鸢尾(Iris tectorum)等;对NO_(2)耐受且吸收能力和恢复能力均强或较强的植物有金边黄杨、常春藤、木姜子、熊掌木、龟甲冬青、小叶黄杨和大吴风草。【结论】在分析近6年南京市城区道路NO_(2)等污染物基础上,认为NO_(2)是南京道路交通区域主要污染物。本研究筛选出对NO_(2)耐受性、吸收和恢复能力强的植物种类补充和完善了传统文献中抗NO_(2)胁迫的园林植物名录,可为NO_(2)污染区及潜在污染区道路绿化树种的选择和配置提供一定的理论依据。

【Objective】Garden plants, which can absorb and purify air pollutants, play an important role in the construction of urban ecological environments. Based on the practical application of urban road greening, we selected common garden plants in Jiangsu Province to study their tolerance, absorption, and recovery abilities under NO_(2)stress. 【Method】We studied the tolerance, absorption, and recovery abilities of 38 garden plants to NO_(2)stress using artificial fumigation in the laboratory and screened the plants with strong tolerance, absorption, and recovery abilities. 【Result】 Plants with strong NO_(2)tolerance and strong absorption and recovering abilities included × Fatshedera lizei, Ilex crenata var. convexa, Litsea pungens, Hedera helix, Euonymus japonicus ‘Aurea-marginatus’, Buxus sinica var. parvifolia. Plants with strong NO_(2)resistance and strong recovering abilities included Carpinus putoensis, × Fatshedera lizei, Pittosporum tobira, Ilex crenata var. convexa, Buxus sinica, Litsea pungens, Ginkgo biloba ‘Wannianjin’, Euonymus japonicus ‘Aurea-marginatus’, Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’, Hosta ‘Green Gold’, and another 19 species. Plants with the strong absorptive capacities and recovery abilities are Camellia sasanqua, Euonymus japonicus ‘Aurea-marginatus’, Hedera helix, Vinca major ‘Variegata’, Buxus sinica var. parvifolia, Farfugium japonicum, and Iris tectorum. Plants with the strong NO_(2)tolerance, strong absorption, and recovery abilities are Euonymus japonicus ‘Aurea-marginatus’, Hedera helix, Litsea pungens, × Fatshedera lizei, Ilex crenata var. convexa, Buxus sinica var. parvifolia, and Farfugium japonicum. 【Conclusion】Based on the analysis of NO_(2)and other pollutants in urban roads in Nanjing over the last six years, it is considered that NO_(2)is the main pollutant of urban road traffic. The selected plant species with strong tolerance, absorption capacities, and recovery capacities can supplement and improve the NO_(2)-resistant garden plant list in the traditional literature, providing a theoretical basis for the selection and allocation of road greening tree species in NO_(2)polluted areas and potentially polluted areas.