2016—2020年西宁市HIV/AIDS疫情分析

Analysis of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Xining City during 2016-2020

目的 分析西宁市2016—2020年HIV/AIDS病人的流行学特征,为制定艾滋病预防和控制策略提供科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病防治基本信息系统的疫情数据中下载西宁市2016-2020年报告的HIV/AIDS历史卡片,采用Excel 2010软件进行数据整理,SPSS 17.0软件进行χ^(2)检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 西宁市2016—2020年累计报告HIV/AIDS病例1 291例,其中HIV感染者963例,AIDS病人328例,累计死亡295例,男女性别比为6.92∶1;年龄主要集中在25~49岁组(69.64%),≥50岁占26.10%,从2016年的25.10%上升到2019年的29.28%;家政/家务及待业者占29.51%,农牧民占23.47%;初中及以下文化程度占50.50%;传播途径以性传播为主97.68%,男男性行为占49.42%;传播途径与性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业及文化程度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);发现途径以其他就诊者检测(31.68%)和检测咨询(31.22%)为主。结论 西宁市HIV/AIDS疫情总体上呈下降趋势,性传播为主要传播途径,15~49岁年龄组、异性传播和老年人占比逐年呈上升趋势,应进一步加强艾滋病的健康教育宣传及关注老年人的性传播。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) in Xining City during 2016 to 2020, and to provide scientific basis for formulating AIDS prevention and control strategies. Methods HIV/AIDS history cards were downloaded of Xining City during 2016 to 2020 from the epidemic data of the Basic Information System for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control of the Chinese Information System for Disease Prevention and Control. Excel 2010 was used for data processing and SPSS 17.0 was used for chisquare test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 1 291 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Xining City from 2016 to 2020, including 963 HIV infected patients, 328AIDS patients and 295 deaths. The male-to-female ratio was 6.92∶1. The age groups were mainly25~49(accounting for 69.64%),and above 50 years old group(26.10%),which increased from25.10% in 2016 to 29.28% in 2019. Housekeeping/housework and unemployed people accounted for29.51%. Farmers and herdsmen accounted for 23.47%. Junior high school or below education accounted for 50.50%. The main route of transmission was sexual transmission(97.68%),of which male-to-male sexual transmission accounted for 49.42%. There were statistically significant differences in transmission route and gender, age, marital status, occupation and education level(P<0.001). The detection routes were mainly through other patients testing(31.68%) and testing consultation(31.22%). Conclusions The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Xining City is generally declining.Sexual transmission is the main route of transmission. The proportions of 15~49 years old age group, heterosexual transmission and the elderly are increasing year by year. Health education and publicity of AIDS should be further strengthened and attention should be paid to sexual transmission of the elderly.