2019—2020年巴中市孕妇碘营养状况调查结果分析

Analysis on survey results of iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Bazhong City from 2019 to 2020

目的 了解2019—2020年巴中市孕妇的碘营养状况,为科学调整补碘措施提供依据。方法 2019—2020年在巴中市5个县(区)开展孕妇尿碘和盐碘调查。每个县(区)每年在东、西、南、北、中5个抽样片区各随机抽取1个乡(镇、街道),在抽取的乡(镇、街道)各随机抽取20名孕妇,采集随机1次尿样及其家中食用盐样,检测尿样和盐样中的碘含量,调查孕妇的孕期等基本信息和甲状腺病史、服用碘制剂情况,2020年5个县(区)调查孕妇食用富碘食物情况。尿碘、盐碘的比较采用秩和检验,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,尿碘与盐碘的相关关系采用Spearman秩相关分析。结果 2019—2020年巴中市每年共采集孕妇尿样和盐样各500份,尿碘中位数分别为205.70μg/L和232.15μg/L,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.265,P均<0.05);孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期孕妇尿碘中位数分别为229.49μg/L、224.28μg/L和210.26μg/L,差异无统计学意义(H=2.638,P=0.267)。2019—2020年巴中市孕妇碘盐覆盖率分别为99.80%和99.60%,合格碘盐食用率分别为92.40%和93.80%。2020年巴中市孕妇食用富碘食物的占50.80%、服用碘制剂的占0.80%、食用碘盐的占99.60%、孕妇补碘率为99.60%。结论 2019—2020年巴中市孕妇碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率及2020年孕妇补碘率均>90%,孕妇碘营养状况适宜,需继续做好人群碘营养水平的动态评价,落实科学补碘。

Objective To understand the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Bazhong City from 2019 to 2020, and to provide basis for scientific adjustment of iodine supplement measures.Methods Survey of urine iodine and salt iodine in pregnant women was carried out in five counties/districts of Bazhong City from 2019 to 2020. One township/community was randomly selected from the east, west, south, north and middle sampling areas of each county/district, and 20 pregnant women were randomly selected from each of the five sampling townships/communities. Randomized urine samples and edible salt samples at home were collected to detect iodine content. Basic information of pregnant women was investigated such as pregnancy information, thyroid disease history and iodine preparation. And the consumption of iodine-rich foods in pregnant women was investigated in 2020. Rank sum test was used for comparing the urine iodine and salt iodine content,Chisquare test was used for rate comparation, and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used for analyzing the correlation between urinary iodine and salt iodine. Results In 2019 and 2020,a total of 500 urine samples and 500 salt samples were collected from pregnant women each year. The medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women in 2019 and 2020 were 205.70 μg/L and 232.15 μg/L,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-3.265, P<0.05). The medians of urinary iodine in early,middle and late stages of pregnancy were 229.49 μg/L,224.28 μg/L and 210.26 μg/L, and the difference was not statistically significant(H=2.638, P=0.267). In 2019 and 2020,the iodized salt coverage rates of pregnant women were 99.80% and 99.60%,and the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 92.40% and 93.80%. In 2020, 50.80% of pregnant women consumed iodine-rich foods,0.80% took iodine supplement pills,99.60% ingested iodized salt,and the iodine supplement rate of pregnant women was 99.60%. Conclusions The coverage rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt of pregnant women in 2019 and2020,and the iodine supplement rate of pregnant women in 2020 in Bazhong City were all above90%. The iodine nutrition status of pregnant women was adequate. It is necessary to continue to take a dynamic evaluation of the iodine nutrition level of the population and implement scientific iodine supplement measures.