2012—2019年安阳市手足口病病原监测情况分析

Analysis of pathogen surveillance results of hand-foot-mouth disease in Anyang City from 2012 to 2019

目的对2012—2019年安阳市手足口病实验室检测结果进行分析,探讨病原分布变化特点。方法收集2012-2019年安阳市手足口病实验室检测数据,采用描述性流行病学研究方法用SAS 9.4软件进行卡方检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2012—2019年安阳市手足口病实验室共检测3375例手足口病临床诊断病例,肠道病毒检出率为87.92%,2012—2019年,标本的阳性率依次为65.89%(340/516)、89.31%(426/477)、89.09%(449/504)、94.14%(466/495)、92.28%(466/505)、89.14%(402/451)、94.88(426/449)和91.01(344/378),各年度检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=288.82,P=0.0001),10个县(区、市)检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=47.52,P=0.0002);城市五区手足口病各肠道病毒分型检出率高于农村,差别有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.18,P=0.0042)。不同性别标本的阳性率差别无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.83,P=0.36)。男、女性标本的病原谱的构成差别有统计学意义(χ^(2)=23.78,P=0.001),女性EV71的构成高于男性。不同年龄手足口病病原体构成情况的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.37,P=0.026)。结论安阳市手足口病肠道病毒检测结果在年度、地区、性别、年龄呈现较为明显的分布特征,应关注病原构成变化,加强实验室检测能力,为疫情预警、疫苗预防、重点人群诊治提供依据。

Objective To analyze the laboratory test results of hand-foot-mouth disease in Anyang City from 2012 to 2019,and to explore the characteristics of the distribution of pathogens.Methods The data of laboratory testing of hand-foot-mouth disease in Anyang city from 2012 to 2019 were collected and statistical analysis was performed by using descriptive epidemiological research methods while SAS 9.4 software was used for chi-square test,P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results From 2012 to 2019,a total of 3375 cases of HFMD were detected in Anyang HFMD laboratory,and the detection rate of enterovirus was 87.92%.From 2012 to 2019,the positive rates of samples were 65.89%(340/516),89.31%(426/477),89.09%(449/504),94.14%(466/495),92.28%(466/505),89.14%(402/451),94.88(426/449),91.01(344/378)respectively,and the difference of the detection rate between each year was statistically significant(χ^(2)=288.82,P=0.0001).The difference in the detection rate of the ten counties(districts,cities)was statistically significant(χ^(2)=47.52,P=0.0002),the detection rate of various enterovirus types of hand-foot-mouth disease in the five urban districts was higher than that in rural areas,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=8.18,P=0.0042).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of different gender specimens(χ^(2)=0.83,P=0.36).The composition of the pathogenic spectrum of male and female specimens was statistically significant(χ^(2)=23.78,P=0.0001).The composition of female EV71 was higher than that of male.The differences in the composition of pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease at different ages were statistically significant(χ^(2)=20.37,P=0.026).Conclusions The results of Anyang city hand-foot-mouth disease enterovirus detection show obvious distribution characteristics in the year,region,gender,and age.It is necessary to pay attention to the changes in the composition of pathogens,strengthen laboratory testing capabilities,and provide the basis for epidemic warning,vaccine prevention,and diagnosis and treatment of key population.