四川省农村中小学生营养改善项目实施效果评价

Effect of nutrition improvement program for middle and primary school students in rural areas of Sichuan Province

目的 评估四川省农村义务教育学生营养改善计划(简称“计划”)连续实施6年后对中小学生营养状况改善的效果。方法 以“计划”实施第1年(2012—2013学年)7~15岁中小学生的营养健康水平作为基线水平,分析“计划”实施6年后(2017—2018学年)7~15岁中小学生营养状况和贫血率的改变情况,采用SAS 9.4进行分析,均数的比较采用t检验,率的比较采用卡方检验,检验水准ɑ=0.05。结果 2012—2013学年四川省7~15岁男女生的平均身高分别为135.6 cm、134.9 cm,平均体重分别为31.7 kg、31.0 kg;2017—2018学年平均身高分别为138.7 cm、137.9 cm,平均体重分别为33.8 kg、33.2 kg,较2012—2013学年数据相比,7~15岁男、女生平均身高分别增加了3.1 cm、3.0 cm,平均体重分别增加了2.1 kg、2.2 kg,但与2014年全国水平相比,各年龄段男、女生的身高、体重均低于全国农村学生平均水平,差异具有统计学意义。2017—2018学年四川省中小学生的生长迟缓率、消瘦率分别为6.1%和12.8%,比2012—2013学年分别下降了6.4%(χ^(2)=4 214.3,P<0.001)和0.7%(χ^(2)=32.5,P<0.001);2017-2018学年超重肥胖率为12.0%,比2012—2013学年增加了2.2%(χ^(2)=378.2,P<0.001);中小学生贫血率由2012—2013学年的38.9%下降到2017—2018学年的9.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=766.2,P<0.001)。结论 “计划”实施6年后四川省中小学生的营养状况得到了较好的改善,但超重肥胖率有所增加,学生营养问题存在双重负担,未来在持续营养改善的同时,应加大合理膳食指导,鼓励吃动平衡,保持健康体重。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of middle and primary school students in2012 to 2013 school year and 2017 to 2018 school year in Sichuan Province,and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students in Rural Area(referred to as Improvement Program). Methods The nutritional status and the prevalence of anemia of middle and primary school students aged 7~15 years in Sichuan province between the2012 to 2013 school year and the 2017 to 2018 school year were compared. SAS procedures were used for data analyses. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result In the 2012to 2013 school year,the average height of male and female students aged 7~15 years was 135.6cm and 134.9 cm in Sichuan province, and the average weight of male and female students was31.7 kg and 31.0 kg,respectively. The average height of male and female students in 2017 to 2018school year is 138.7 cm and 137.9 cm,and the average weight of male and female students is 33.8kg and 33.2 kg,respectively. Compared with the data in 2012 to 2013 school year,the height of boys and girls increased by 3.1 cm and 3.0 cm,and the weight increased by 2.1 kg and 2.2 kg in2017 to 2018, respectively. However, compared with the national level in 2014, the height and weight of male and female students of all ages were lower than the national average level of rural students, the difference was statistical significance. The prevalence of growth retardation and emaciation in 2017 to 2018 were 6.1% and 12.8%,respectively,which dropped 6.4% (χ^(2)=4 214.3,P<0.001) and 0.7% (χ^(2)=32.5, P<0.001) compared with the prevalence rate in 2012 to 2013school year. The detection rate of overweight/obesity in 2017 to 2018 was higher than that in 2012to 2013(12.0% vs. 2.2%, χ^(2)=378.2, P<0.001). The detection rate of anemia in middle and primary school students in 2012 to 2013 school year was higher than that in 2017 to 2018(38.9%vs. 9.4%, χ^(2)=766.2, P<0.001). Conclusions The students′ nutrition and health condition was effectively improved after six years of nutrition improvement program in Sichuan province.However, the detection rate of overweight/obesity was increased. In future nutrition improvement,reasonable dietary guidance should be given,and a balance between eating and exercising should be encouraged to maintain a healthy weight.