2020年西藏米林县儿童乙型病毒性肝炎血清标志物调查

Seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis B among children in Milin county of Tibet 2020

目的 了解西藏自治区林芝市米林县 1~16 岁儿童中乙肝感染及免疫状态,为进一步制定防治对策提供依据。方法 2020年采用随机分层抽样法,抽取5个乡镇的1~16岁儿童,采集血液样本检测乙肝病毒(HBV)血清标志物,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)、乙肝核心抗体(HBcAb)。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行χ^(2)检验,以 P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。结果 共纳入 1~16 岁儿童 1 073 名,HBsAg、HBsAb 和 HBcAb 阳性率分别为3.63%、17.15%和 2.8%。不同年龄组(1~4 岁组、5~11 岁组、12~16 岁组)的 HBsAg 阳性率分别为 5.71%、3.42%、2.38%,阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.222,P=0.032 9),HBsAb阳性率、HBV感染率均无统计学意义。性别间各血清标志物阳性率差异无统计学意义。各乡镇间 HBsAg 阳性率差异(χ^(2)=19.156,P=0.001)、HBsAb 阳性率差异(χ^(2)=12.322,P=0.015)、HBV 感染率差异(χ^(2)=12.603,P=0.013)均有统计学意义。HBcAb 阳性率在不同地区人群中的差异无统计学意义。结论 西藏自治区林芝市米林县1~16岁儿童乙肝流行处于中流行状态,HBsAb阳性率较低,因此加强西藏自治区林芝市米林县儿童的乙肝疫苗接种。

Objective This study was conducted to analyze the infection and immunization status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among children aged 1~16 years old in Milin county of Linzhi, Tibe Autonomous Region, and to provide a basis for further development of prevention and contro measures. Methods A random stratified sampling method was used in 2020,aged 1~16 years old children from 5 townships were selected, blood samples were collected for HBV serum markers,and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) . Chisquare test was used by SPSS 23.0 software, and P<0.05 were considered statistically significant Results A total of 1 073 children aged 1~16 years old were included, and the positive rates of HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb were 3.63% , 17.15% and 2.8% , respectively. The positive rates of HBsAg in different age groups (1 to 4 years old,5 to 11 years old and 12 to 16 years old) were5.71%,3.42% and 2.38%,respectively,with statistically significant differences in positive rates (χ^(2)=2.222,P=0.032 9),and the positive rates of HBsAg and HBV infection rate were not statistically significant. Besides,there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate for each serum marker between genders. However, there were significant differences in HBsAg positive rate (χ^(2)=19.156, P=0.001), HBsAg positive rate (χ^(2)=12.322, P=0.015) and HBV infection rate (χ^(2)=12.603, P=0.013) among townships. Finally, The differences in HBcAb positivity rate among populations in different regions were not statistically significant. Conclusions The hepatitis B among children aged 1~16 years old in Milin county of Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region is in a moderate epidemic state with a low HBsAb positive rate, therefore it is necessary to pay more attention to manage the hepatitis B vaccination among children in Milin county of Linzhi, Tibe Autonomous Region.