4种常用杀鼠剂对高原鼠兔防治效果与安全性评价

Evaluation of the effect and safety of 4 commonly used rodenticides on the control of plateau pikas

[目的]验证地芬·硫酸钡、雷公藤甲素、莪术醇、溴敌隆等4种常用杀鼠剂对高原鼠兔的适口性、防治效果及对非靶标生物的安全性。[方法]采用人工洞口投药验证4种杀鼠剂适口性和防治效果,采用直接投喂和间接投喂验证其安全性。[结果]高原鼠兔对地芬·硫酸钡、雷公藤甲素、莪术醇、溴敌隆取食率分别为84.27%、87.08%、38.26%、86.86%;地芬·硫酸钡、雷公藤甲素、莪术醇、溴敌隆防治高原鼠兔校正有效洞口减退率分别为91.17%、97.01%、44.96%、89.30%。4种药剂被鸡取食后均未产生中毒反应,被羊取食后均产生了中毒反应,被狗取食后,只有溴敌隆产生了2次中毒反应。[结论]4种杀鼠剂中地芬·硫酸钡、雷公藤甲素、溴敌隆对高原鼠兔的适口性和防治效果较好,莪术醇对高原鼠兔的适口性和防治效果较差,且4种杀鼠剂均对家禽毒副作用较小,但对哺乳动物均有一定的毒副作用,此外,溴敌隆存在二次中毒风险。

[Aims] This study aims to verify the palatability, control effect and safety to non-target organisms of four common rodenticides, including diphenoxylate barium sulfate, triptolide, curcumol and bromadiolone, on plateau pika.[Methods] The palatability and control effect of the four rodenticides were verified by feeding in artificial holes, and the safety was verified by direct feeding and indirect feeding. [Results] The results showed that the feeding rates of diphenoxylate barium sulfate, triptolide, curcumol and bromadiolone were 84.27, 87.08, 38.26 and 86.86%, respectively.The effective rates were 91.17, 97.01, 44.96 and 89.30% respectively. After being eaten by chickens, none of the four rodenticides displayed poisoning reactions, but after being eaten by sheep, all of them produced poisoning reactions.After eaten by dogs, only brodiolone had a secondary poisoning reaction. [Conclusions] The results indicated that the palatability and control effect of diphenoxylate barium sulfate, triptolide and bromadiolone to plateau pika was better than that to curcumol;diphenoxylate barium sulfate, triptolide, curcumol and bromadiolone had less toxic and side effects on poultry, but had certain toxic and side effects on mammals;bromadiolone had a risk of secondary poisoning.