爱子之父与爱父之子——五四时期小说的父子伦理叙事

The Father of Loving Son and the Son of Loving Father:NovelNarrative of Father-son Ethics in the Period of May 4^(th) Movement

在五四时期的小说中,启蒙话语塑造下的专制之父、反叛之子以及成为新一代之父的叛逆之子都是重要的形象类型,但爱子之父与爱父之子形象以及其间蕴含的新旧伦理纠缠,亦是考察此期的父子问题时不能忽略的重要内容。重返历史语境,会发现不少书写父辈爱子的小说,也会阅读到刻绘爱父之子的大量文本。而在子辈对父辈的反叛与依从之间,隐藏着无数焦虑的子辈的灵魂。在那些本应反叛却终究选择了顺从、忏悔的子辈的故事背后,正是子辈对父辈之爱的理解与接受。五四时期反叛者们的这种不彻底,原因正在于天性的爱的强大,与反叛资源即新知识新观念的相对单薄。父子关系上的剪不断理还乱,恰是五四这个过渡时代伦理的典型特征。

In the novels of the May 4^(th) period,authoritarian father,rebellious son and the rebellious son who became the father of the new generation are all important image types under the enlightenment discourse.However,the image of the father who loves the son and the son who loves the father,as well as the entanglement between the new and old ethics,is also an important content that cannot be ignored when we examine the father-son problem in this period.Returning to the historical context,we will find many novels written by fathers and sons,and will also read a large number of texts depicting fathers and sons.Between children's rebellion and obedience to their fathers,the soul of countless anxious children is hidden.Behind the stories of the children who should rebel but eventually choose to obey and repent,it is the children's understanding and acceptance of the love of their fathers.This incompleteness of the rebels in the May 4th period was due to the strong love of nature,which was relatively thin compared with the rebel resources,namely new knowledge and new ideas.The continuous and chaotic father-child relationship is a typical feature of ethics in the transitional period of May 4^(th) Movement.