清末中央主要部门官员群体的族籍结构——基于数据的考察

A Study on the Ethnic Structure of Officials in the Main Departments of the Central Government in the Late Qing Dynasty——Data Based Investigation

本文以清代《缙绅录》中的相关数据为依据,对清末中央主要部门官员群体的族籍结构进行考察。具体主要从整体上、分部门、分职位类别等三个方面进行考察。考察发现,随着时间的演进,清末中央主要部门官员群体,在总体数量上旗籍官员所占比重由优势最终变为劣势,个别部门中民籍官员所占比重持续占据优势,民籍在中级以上官员群体中所占比重最终转为优势。这种量变发生的重要结果,是清王朝统治基础的严重削弱,以至于成为其最终垮台的重要因素。

Based on the relevant data in the records of the gentry in the Qing Dynasty,this paper investigates the ethnic structure of the main central department officials in the late Qing Dynasty.Specific landlords should be investigated from three aspects:the whole,sub sectors and job categories.The investigation found that with the evolution of time,the proportion of flag officials in the overall number of officials in the main departments of the central government in the late Qing Dynasty changed from advantages to disadvantages,the proportion of civil officials in individual departments continued to occupy advantages,and the proportion of civil officials in the group of officials above the intermediate level finally changed to advantages.This paper holds that the important result of this quantitative change is the serious weakening of the ruling foundation of the Qing Dynasty,and even an important factor in the final collapse of the Manchu regime.