辛壬之际赵尔巽的出处抉择

On Zhao Er-xun’s Dealing with the Revolution and the Republic during the 1911 Revolution

面对无可阻挡的革命与共和,辛壬之际镇守东北边疆的赵尔巽面临艰难抉择,其应对举措呈现出身份与政治认同随政局变迁而转换的多重面相。表面观之,赵氏对于革命与共和的态度颇为矛盾,经历了两个一百八十度转向:由反对革命主张君主立宪,到接受民主共和并出任都督;出仕民国的同时又不断请辞,未及一载最终退隐青岛做寓公。赵尔巽前后自相矛盾的表现,源于不同时期诉求不同,不可一概而论。其态度与身份的转换,总体上既服从于伴随始终的政治认同,与政局变迁相呼应,又是守土安民、抵制侵略既定宗旨的具体体现与现实需要,是为辛壬之际赵尔巽主政东北超越帝制与共和之争的不变诉求。

The irresistible revolution and republic made Zhao Er-xun,who was in charge of the northeast border of Qing Dynasty during the 1911 Revolution,be caught in a dilemma.And the response showed a multi-faceted transformation of his personal status and political identity changed with the changing of political situation.On the surface,Zhao Er-xun was quite contradictory to the attitude of the revolution and the republic and had undergone two somersaults:from opposing revolution to uphold the Qing Court’s rule to accepting and serving the official Republic of China.However,now that he had been served as the Governor,he resigned over and over again.Less than a year,eventually resigned and lived in Qingdao,as a leftover from the Qing Dynasty in the end.The inconsistent performance comes from different demands in different periods,cannot be generalized.in general,the transform of attitude and identity was not only subordinate to the political identification from beginning to end,but also the concrete embodiment and realistic need of established purpose of defending local safety and the consolidating border defence of the Northeast China,and resisting the aggression,It is also a means of coping with the political changes.