泰国华侨报德善堂的慈善动因变化:道德经济、庇护关系、社会地位补偿

The Causes of Poh Teck Tung Foundation’s Philanthropy Change:Moral Economy,Asylum Relationship,Social Status Compensation

海外华人慈善研究需要从全球视角来分析他们在居住国的慈善工作。华人合法性受到泰国政府的质疑或否定,使得华侨报德善堂依赖政府的合法性资源。然而,它缺乏政治权力来要求政府提供,于是提供慈善资源来与政府进行交换。合法性资源包括法律合法性、皇室合法性与行政合法性。在不同时期,善堂与政府的资源交易的着重点不同,反映出它的慈善动因产生了变化。1944年到1970年,主要是满足道德经济要求。自1958年起,新增了与官员建立庇护关系,以及补偿社会地位。慈善动因的出现与变化受到泰国政治环境的影响,特别是排华政策的开始与结束、泰中两国的联系暂时中断以及有影响力的盟友出现。本文的创新点在于研究华人组织对居住国的慈善动因,进而分析它的变化趋势及其影响因素。

The research on overseas Chinese philanthropy needs to analyze their philanthropic work in the countries of residence from a global perspective.The legitimacy of the overseas Chinese is questioned or denied by the Thai government,which makes they depend on the legitimate resources of the government.However,it lacks political power to ask the government to provide them,so it provides philanthropic resources to exchange with the government.Legitimacy resources include legal legitimacy,Royal legitimacy and administrative legitimacy.In different periods,the focus of resource transaction between the foundation and the government is different,which reflects that its philanthropic motivation has changed.From 1944 to 1970,it mainly met the requirements of moral economy.Since 1958,the establishment of patron-client relations with officials and the compensation of social status gap have been added.The emergence and change of philanthropic motivation are influenced by Thailand’s political environment,especially the beginning and end of the anti-Chinese policies,the temporary suspension of the ties between Thailand and China,and the emergence of influential allies.The innovation of this paper is to study the philanthropic motivation of overseas Chinese organizations in their countries of residence,and then analyze its changing trend and influencing factors.