中小学校托幼机构食源性疾病流行病学调查及病原菌鉴定

Epidemiological Investigation and Pathogen Identification of Foodborne Diseases in Primary and Secondary Schools and Kindergartens

目的分析罗定市2017—2019年中小学校和托幼机构食源性疾病的流行病学特征,并进行病原菌血清分型鉴定。方法收集罗定市2017—2019年中小学校和托幼机构食源性疾病资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。收集受试者的粪便或肛拭样本,对食源性疾病暴发情况、可疑食品、病原体分布及阳性菌株血清分型进行分析。结果2017—2019年罗定市中小学校和托幼机构食源性疾病共发生6起,暴露人数共为560人,发病人数共为54人,罗定市中小学校和托幼机构食源性疾病年均罹患率为9.64%;食源性疾病发生的可疑食品分析结果为:2017年未煮熟食物罹患率为53.33%、剩饭剩菜罹患率为33.33%、营养餐罹患率为13.33%;2018年未煮熟食物罹患率为47.37%、剩饭剩菜罹患率为31.58%、营养餐罹患率为21.05%;2019年未煮熟食物罹患率为60.00%、剩饭剩菜罹患率为20.00%、营养餐罹患率为20.00%。2017—2019年罗定市中小学校和托幼机构食源性疾病发生的高发时间均为4—6月;高发发病年龄为7~10岁。收集的54例阳性食源性疾病病例中,副溶血弧菌的检出率最高,为66.67%;共检出7个血清群,优势血清型为O3:K6。结论罗定市2017—2019年中小学校和托幼机构食源性疾病的暴发事件发生率呈下降趋势,未煮熟食物罹患率最高,4—6月为疾病高发时间,7~10岁为高发年龄;阳性标本病原体的副溶血弧菌检出率最高。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Luoding from 2017 to 2019,and conduct serotyping of pathogenic bacteria.Methods In this study,data on foodborne diseases in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Luoding from 2017 to 2019 were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.By collecting samples of feces or anal swabs from subjects,the outbreaks of food-borne diseases,suspicious foods,pathogen distribution and serotyping of positive strains were analyzed.Results From 2017 to 2019,a total of 6 foodborne diseases occurred in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Luoding,with a total of 560 exposed persons and a total of 54 cases.The year average attack rate of foodborne diseases in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Luoding was 9.64%.The results of the suspicious food analysis of food-borne diseases were:the attack rate of uncooked food in 2017 was 53.33%,the attack rate of leftovers was 33.33%,the attack rate of nutritious meals was 13.33%;the attack rate of uncooked food in 2018 The attack rate was 47.37%,the attack rate of leftovers was 31.58%,and the attack rate of nutritious meals was 21.05%;in 2019,the attack rate of uncooked food was 60.00%,the attack rate of leftovers was 20.00%,and the attack rate of nutritious meals was 20.00%.From 2017 to 2019,the high incidence of foodborne diseases in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Luoding was April to June.The age of onset of high incidence was 7 to 10 years old.Among the 54 positive foodborne disease cases collected,the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the highest,at 66.67%;7 serogroups were detected,with the dominant serotype O3:K6.Conclusion In Luoding,the incidence of foodborne disease outbreaks in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens from 2017 to 2019 showed a downward trend.The incidence of uncooked food was the highest.April to June was the time for the high incidence of diseases,and the age of 7-10 was the age of high incidence.The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the highest in positive specimens.