能源行业燃气轮机发展途径思考

Thoughts on gas turbine development in energy industry

燃气轮机为涡轮航空发动机的工业化改型,属工业高端技术。由于国际燃气轮机市场仍被欧美日垄断并技术屏蔽,而中国燃气轮机自主研发滞后成为天然气发电的瓶颈。为了清楚认识燃气轮机的发展方向,阐述了燃气轮机的工作原理、关键技术,对燃气轮机进行了技术分类,并分析了国内外燃气轮机的发展历程和发展趋势。分析认为,随着天然气、页岩气和煤层气产量不断提升,中国已形成多元化(常规天然气、页岩气、煤层气、进口天然气、LNG)的燃料供应渠道,建成了覆盖全国范围的五横两纵天然气管道超过14.4×10^(4) km,天然气发电具备稳定的燃料供应保障。结合中国燃气轮机发展的制约因素,对研发燃气轮机和扩展应用提出了建议:1)联合科研院校、厂家和用户,攻克关键技术,重点研发中、低热值燃烧技术和燃烧室技术;2)建立长期运行的试验基地,采用适当的鼓励政策,推动燃气轮机设备和热通道部件维修的国产化;3)制定燃气轮机的操作和维修规范,对易损部件提前做好预案计划;4)对燃气轮机的火焰筒、燃烧室等进行随时检查,对燃烧室、过渡段、一级喷嘴、轴承、转子等进行定期计划检修;5)对分布式燃气轮机进行集中调度,统一管理,降低维保成本,提高维保技术,提升燃气轮机利用效益;6)气电定价应考虑燃气轮机对调峰和减排所付出的成本,实行清洁电力优先上网,保证气电机组利用小时数;7)拓展分布式天然气发电在油气井钻采工程中的应用,以气打气,气电结合,支持燃气轮机推广应用和技术发展。燃气轮机天然气发电在中国有着广阔的商业化应用前景。

Gas turbine is an industry derivative of jet engine,whichis a high-end industrial cutting-edge technology.As China’s independent research and development of gas turbine is lagging behind,the current international gas turbine market is dominated by European,US and Japanese manufacturers.The technology blockage by these countries has become a bottleneck in the development of gas-fired power generation in China.In order to clearly understand the development trend of gas turbines,this paper explains the working principles and key technologies of gas turbines,and carries out the technical classification of gas turbines;reviews the development history and analyzes development trends of gas turbines domestically and internationally.It is believed that as the production of natural gas,shale gas and coal-bed methane continue to increase,China has formed diversified fuel supply infrastructures(conventional natural gas,shale gas,coal-bed methane,imported natural gas,LNG),and built more than 144,000 kilometers of pipelines,forming a network of five horizontal and two vertical natural gas pipeline grids covering the whole country.Thus,natural gas power generation is provided with a stable fuel supply.The paper analyzes the restrictive factors of the development of gas turbines in China,and puts forward suggestions for research and promoting the application of gas turbine generators:1)Joint scientific research between institutions,manufacturers,and end-users to overcome key technologies development challenges and focus on the research and development of medium and low calorific value fuel combustion technology and combustion chamber technology;2)Establish a long-term operation test base,adopt appropriate incentives,and promote the localization of supply of gas turbine equipment and hot section component maintenance;3)Formulate specifications for gas turbine operation and maintenance,and make maintenance plans for vulnerable parts in advance;4)Perform routine inspections on the flame tube,combustion chamber,etc.,and routine maintenance plan for the combustion chamber,transition piece,first-stage nozzle,bearing,rotor,etc.;5)Centralized dispatching and unified management of distributed gas turbines,reducing maintenance costs,developing maintenance technology,and improving gas turbine utilization efficiency;6)Gas fired electricity pricing should consider the cost of gas turbines for peak-shaving and emission reduction,implement priority access to the grid for clean power,and guarantee the utilization hours of gas turbine power generators;7)Expand the application of distributed gas-fired power generation in oil and gas drilling and production,to produce gas with gas,and combine gas with electricity to support the application and development of gas turbines technology.Gas turbine power generation embraces broad prospect for commercial application in China.