从文化记忆到景观意象——江南水乡孟河古镇的文化变迁与空间形态

From Cultural Memory to Landscape Image: Cultural Changes and Spatial Pattern of Menghe Antient Canal Town in Areas South of the Yangtze

作为文化记忆媒介的江南古村镇犹如一个个容器,既包含着实在的物理场域,又是功能性的栖居之所,更是象征着记忆主体观念的精神家园,已经被升华为一种符号化的地域文化景观;然而经历了多次社会转型后的江南水乡古镇在城镇化的大背景下普遍存在“同质化”问题,文化记忆理论为江南水乡多重地域感知的保护与传承提供了跨越时空的判断依据。从文化记忆理论视角,研究江南水乡孟河古镇生生不息的变迁动因,从生态、生产、生活和仪式系统来剖析江南水乡古镇文化记忆与景观空间之间深层的转译关系和构成逻辑,可为我国特色小镇发展提供理论依据与参照样本。文化记忆是人类对自身的一切认识和反思中最深刻、最复杂、最不可或缺的参照,个体乡愁记忆的生命片断在一次次科学论证或历史求知欲的驱动下重新被唤醒、复活,上升为集体的归属和认同,其主动性和差异性转化为乡村文化记忆建构的内在原动力,最终构建的是一种基于身份认同的可持续发展的地方创生模式,它使得江南水乡几千年的历史文脉在实践、交流和反思的过程中得到延续,并走向未来。

As a medium of cultural memory, the ancient canal towns in areas South of the Yangtze are like containers of both physical fields and functional habitats, symbolizing the spiritual home of the memory subject, which has been sublimated into symbolic regional cultural landscape. However, after social transformations, the ancient canal towns in areas South of the Yangtze are generally faced with the problem of“homogenization”under the background of urbanization. The theory of cultural memory provides a judgment basis for the protection and inheritance of multiple regional perceptions in canal towns in South of the Yangtze across time and space. From the perspective of cultural memory theory, this paper studies the motivation of endless changes of Menghe ancient town in areas South of the Yangtze and analyzes the deep translation relationship and composition logic between cultural memory and landscape space in canal towns in areas South of the Yangtze from the aspects of ecology, production, life and ritual system, to provide theoretical basis and reference samples for the development of China ’s distinctive towns. Cultural memory is the most profound,complicated and indispensable reference for human beings to know and reflect on themselves. Driven by scientific argumentation or historical curiosity, the fragments of individual homesickness memory were awakened and sublimated into collective ownership and identity. Its initiatives and differences were turned into the internal motive force of rural cultural memory construction, and finally a local creation model was built based on sustainable development of identity so that the thousands of years of historical context of canal towns in areas South of the Yangtze could be continued in the process of practice, exchange and reflection, and move towards the future.