存在论视域下的乾嘉“道问学”问题

The Problem of “Following the Path of Inquiry” of Qianjia School from the Perspective of Ontology

本文通过对“尊德性”与“道问学”概念的源起和流变的考察,最终聚焦于宋明理学与乾嘉汉学对这对概念的不同认知,将海德格尔“问题的形式结构”及其构成因素以及伽达默尔存在论诠释学的问答逻辑作为理论透镜,认为清季对“尊德性”与“道问学”概念认知的转变伴随着的是清代经学研究由理学入考据的学风演变,背后隐藏着清代经学家们释经立场的转轨。从“问之所问”“被问及的东西”和“问之何所以问”三个作为同一的结构性要素共同实现对存在意义问题的透视的角度进行分析,可对从清初到乾嘉时期“道问学”的目标、路径等相关问题予以开显,进一步澄明清季经学家获取自我本质特征的诠释学处境。

As two coordinate conceptions,“Honoring the Virtuous Nature” and “Following the Path of Inquiry” reflect the different hermeneutical positions of Confucius classicists in different dynasties. This article uses Martin Heidegger’s theory of “formal structure of questions” and its structural items, and Hans-Georg Gadamer’s theory of “logic of question and answer”, analyzes the aim and way of “Following the Path of Inquiry” in three aspects: which is asked about, which is interrogated, and which is to be found out by asking. In order to feature the hermeneutical situation of Confucius classicist in early Qing Dynasty who have found out their substantive characteristics.