历史维度中的阐释学循环新解——与安贝托·艾柯商榷

Umberto Eco’s Hermeneutical Cycle in Historical Dimension: A Discussion with Umberto Eco

安贝托·艾柯提出了“模范作者”“模范读者”和“文本意图”的概念用以区分诠释与过度诠释。他构筑了三者的循环关系,赋予了阐释学循环新的内涵。通过引入历史维度,艾柯保证了其阐释学循环因时而变的动态活力。然而,当艾柯将社会历史性当作阐释学循环新解的动力和文本意图的最终依托时,他所排斥的过度诠释完全可能经由公共阐释的认可而同样进入社会历史之中以支持自身。因此,艾柯的阐释学循环新解不可避免地遭到了社会历史性的反噬。同时,被艾柯所批判的过度诠释也承担了催生新的文化环境的历史任务。

Umberto Eco put forward the concepts of “model author”, “model reader” and “intention of the text” to distinguish between interpretation and over interpretation. He constructed the circular relationship among the three and endowed hermeneutics with new connotation. By introducing the historical dimension, Eco ensures the dynamic vitality of his hermeneutical circle. However, when Eco regards social historicity as the driving force of his hermeneutical circle and the ultimate support of text intention, the over interpretation he rejects may also enter social history to support himself through the recognition of public interpretation. Therefore, Eco’s hermeneutical cycle is inevitably backfired by social history. At the same time, the over interpretation criticized by Eco also undertakes the historical task of giving birth to a new cultural environment.