生计互动与价值变迁——从侨批看福建侨乡与东南亚的五缘关系

Livelihood Interaction and Value Change: The Five-Ties Relationship between Fujian Overseas Chinese Hometown and Southeast Asia from Overseas Chinese Letters

侨批业是近代海外华商适应华侨寄批回乡而形成的以侨批局为主要形式的一种行业。侨批联通了侨居地华侨和侨乡侨眷,福建侨乡与东南亚地区形成了以华侨跨国家庭为主要联结体,以生计为主要目的的五缘关系。这种关系主要是依靠传统儒家文化价值维系。1949年前后,随着国内外政治、经济政策方面的变化,华侨跨国家庭生计互动的日益深入,维系五缘关系的传统价值观念逐渐失效,逐步让位于管制经济下的现代契约原则。

Overseas Chinese letters business is a kind of trades in the main form of overseas Chinese approval bureau, which was formed by overseas Chinese merchants in modern times to adapt to overseas Chinese sending letters back to their hometown. Overseas Chinese letters connect overseas Chinese and their relatives in overseas Chinese towns. Fujian overseas Chinese towns and Southeast Asia have formed a five-ties relationship network with overseas Chinese transnational families as the main link and livelihood as the main purpose. Those relationships are mainly maintained by traditional Confucian cultural values. Around 1949, with the influence of political and economic policies at home and abroad, the livelihood interaction of overseas Chinese transnational families became more and more in-depth, and the traditional values which maintain the network of five-ties relationship gradually became invalid, and gradually gave way to the modern contract principle under the regulated economy.