论体育社会团体的人权责任

The Human Rights Responsibility of Sports Associations

商业与人权法律框架可以适用于体育运动俱乐部等纯商业运营的体育组织,但排除了社会团体类体育组织。体育社会团体拥有的组织性权力对人权的享有构成威胁。国际人权话语体系正试图纠正体育社团自治引发的负面问题。首先,以国际足联为代表的部分体育社团主动承诺尊重和促进人权。再次,人权水平效力的理论进路可以证成体育社团的人权责任。体育社团有尊重和保护人权的义务,并在自愿原则上承担实现人权的义务。体育社团人权责任不仅可以通过传统的体育仲裁及其司法监督机制实现,更有望借助新兴的商业与人权仲裁机制实施。

The legal framework of business and human rights could be directly applied to those purely commercial sports organizations,but it excludes sports associations.Sports associations may pose a threat to the enjoyment of human rights due to their organizational powers.International human rights discourse attempts to solve the problems caused by the autonomy of sports.FIFA and some other sports organizations are committed to respecting and promoting human rights on their own initiative.A general idea of the human rights responsibility of sports organizations could be established on the basis of the legal doctrine of the horizontal effects of human rights.A sports association is obliged to respect and to protect human rights,and may also have the obligation to fulfill human rights on a voluntary basis.The human rights responsibility of sports associations can be enforced not only through traditional sports arbitration and judicial review regimes,but also by recourse to the emerging business and human rights arbitration mechanism.