20世纪后半叶中华武术发展中的“第一粒扣子”探寻

An Exploration on the“First Button”of Chinese Wushu’s Development in the Second Half of the 20th Century

为探析中华武术发展中问题重重的根本原因,文章借用习近平总书记提出的“扣子论”为观察视角,剖析了60多年前中华武术发展历程中的“第一粒扣子”。主要研究结论如下:(1)20世纪前期,中华武术因其承担着“铸就中国文化之脊”的重任与“强健身体,培育精神,拯救文化,复兴民族”的初心和时代使命被推上历史舞台受到重视;(2)20世纪中期,在“破旧立新,肃清封建残余”的思想影响下,中华武术被全方位改造,破除了传统武术拳种,摈弃了武术技击对抗,忽略了武术特有的精神教育价值,取而代之的是以“锻炼身体的实用价值”和“树立优美形象”为价值定位而重新创编以艺术表现为价值取向的“新武术”。在改造前,时人虽然经过了大讨论,绝大多数学者对此强烈反对,但建议并未被采纳,最终以行政权威而定论,从而“扣错了新中国武术发展的第一粒扣子”;(3)新时代,要使中华武术走出问题重重的困境,当务之急即是以史为鉴,以邻为鉴,重新扣好中华武术发展的“第一粒扣子”。

In order toexplore the root cause of the many problemsconcerning Chinese Wushu’s development,this paper,using the button theory put forward by the General Secretary Xi Jinping,mainly analyzed the“first button”of Chinese Wushu’s development60 years ago.The conclusions are as follows:(1)In the early 20 thcentury,Wushu was pushed onto the historical stage and was highly regardedfor it took the important task of casting the backbone of Chinese culture,and carried the historical mission of strengthening body,cultivating spirit,saving culture,and reviving the nation.(2)In the middle of the 20 th century,under the influence of the thought“breaking down the old things and building new ones”,the traditional Wushu sects were broken down,the combat function of Wushu was abandoned and the spirit education value of Wushu was ignored,instead“new Wushu”with the pursuit ofartistic expression was reinvented with the value orientation of“exercising”and“building beautiful image”.Although the majority of scholars at the time were strongly opposed to the change,their opinions were ignored.The administrative authority made an arbitrary decision,thus the“first button”of Wushu’s development in new China was fastened in the wrong way.(3)In thenew era,in order to get Chinese Wushu out of the difficult situation,it is imperative to take history as a mirror and neighboring countries’practice as a mirror to fastenright the“first button”of Wushu development.