电动汽车锂离子电池火灾爆炸成因分析与应对策略

Cause Analysis and Countermeasures of Fire and Explosion of Lithium-ion Battery in Electric Vehicle

近年来,随着我国电动汽车项目高速发展,其能量载体动力锂离子电池被广泛运用,然而同时随之而来的是火灾爆炸事故频频发生,造成了一定的生命财产损失。锂离子电池因其具有高能量密度和电解液成分复杂等多种原因而具有非常大的火灾危险性,目前国内外针对锂离子电池的安全研究主要集中于预防火灾方面,而在灭火救援中的应对方法研究相对较少,所以对电动汽车锂离子电池发生火灾爆炸的成因分析和应对策略进行研究具有紧迫的必要性。本文通过分析电动汽车锂离子电池火灾爆炸的主要成因和危险性,提出针对锂离子电池火灾原理、特征和安全风险的灭火救援应对策略,希望能为消防救援队伍在扑救电动汽车火灾中的技战术运用和作战安全提供一些建议。

In recent years,with the rapid development of electric vehicle projects in China,the energy carrier power lithium-ion battery has been widely used.However,at the same time,fire and explosion accidents occur frequently,resulting in a certain loss of life and property.Lithium-ion battery has great fire risk due to its high energy density and complex electrolyte composition.At present,the safety research of lithium-ion battery at home and abroad mainly focuses on fire prevention,while the research on response methods in firefighting and rescue is relatively few.Therefore,it is urgent to analyze the causes of fire and explosion of lithium-ion battery of electric vehicle and study the countermeasures.By analyzing the main causes and risks of lithium-ion battery fire and explosion of electric vehicles,this paper puts forward the fire-fighting and rescue strategies for the principle,characteristics and safety risks of lithium-ion battery fire,hoping to provide some suggestions for the technical and tactical operation and operational safety of fire rescue teams in fighting electric vehicle fire.