行业竞争性、政府奖助与技术创新

Industry Competitiveness,Government Awards and Technological Innovation

以2007—2018年上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所A股非金融类上市公司为研究对象,把研究样本分为国有企业和非国有企业,对行业竞争性和政府奖助如何影响技术创新进行理论分析和实证检验。结果发现,当行业竞争程度较低时,市场竞争对技术创新具有抑制作用;当行业竞争超过一定限度之后,市场竞争对技术创新具有激励作用。不管是税收优惠还是政府奖助都与行业竞争性相互替代。当行业竞争性较强时,税收优惠和政府奖助都对技术创新具有显著的负面影响。特别是对于处于竞争性行业的非国有企业,这种负面影响更为显著。因此,各级政府应进一步优化市场环境,增强行业竞争性。政府在制定有关技术创新的奖助和税收优惠政策时,必须充分考虑行业的竞争性,以及企业的性质,重点资助对象是非竞争性行业的国有企业,以提高政府奖助的利用效率和加强激励效果。

Taking A-share non-financial listed companies in the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2018 as the research object,and dividing samples into state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises,the paper conducts a theoretical analysis and empirical test on how industry competitiveness and government awards affect technological innovation.The results show that market competition inhibits technological innovation when industry competition is low.When the industry competition exceeds a certain limit,the market competition has an incentive effect on technological innovation.Both tax incentives and government awards are substitutes for industry competition.When the industry is competitive,both tax incentives and government awards have a significant negative impact on technological innovation.Especially for non-state-owned enterprises in competitive industries,this negative impact is more significant.Therefore,governments at all levels should further optimize the market environment and enhance the competitiveness of the industry.The government must give full consideration to the competitiveness of the industries and the nature of the enterprises when formulating the subsidies and preferential tax policies for technological innovation,and focus on the state-owned enterprises in non-competitive industries to improve the utilization efficiency and incentive effect of the government awards.