行政替代自治:乡村振兴背景下乡村建设的实践困境

Administration Replacing Self-governance:Practical Dilemma of Rural Construction Under the Background of Rural Vitalization

农民主体缺位问题是贯穿中国乡村建设历程的实践困境。对于这一长期以来存在于我国乡村建设实践中的农民主体缺位问题,基于反思性意识的解释一直居于主导地位,而乡村振兴激发的批判性认识,使这一困境真正从主观归因转向客观归因,行政因素成为焦点。以美丽乡村建设为典型代表,中西部基层政府主导的乡村建设实践发现,通过农民去参与性、农民被客体化以及农民被边缘化,导致农民主体缺位。该问题形成于“行政替代自治”,包括行政包办取代社会动员、行政本位虚化农民参与,并由此造成了社会责任缺失、治理成本增加以及治理能力弱化等后果。基于此,乡村振兴阶段,需重新审视“谁的乡村建设”这一问题“,找回农民”,重建乡村建设的主体性。

Absence of farmers as the main participant is a practical dilemma that runs through the process of rural construction in China.For this long-standing problem,the explanation based on reflective consciousness has always been dominant.The critical knowledge stimulated by rural vitalization has really changed this dilemma from subjective attribution to objective attribution.Administrative factors become the focus.This paper takes the beautiful countryside construction as a typical case.Through the practice of rural construction led by the central and western primary-level governments,it is found that farmers’non-participation,objectification and marginalization led to the absence of farmers as the main participant.This problem results from"administration replacing selfgovernance",including the substitution of social mobilization by administrative arrangement,the nominalization of farmers’participation by administrative standard.As a result,the social responsibility is lacking,the governance cost is increasing and the governance capability is weakened.Therefore,in the stage of rural vitalization,it is necessary to re-examine the question of"whose rural construction",get farmers back and rebuild the subjectivity of rural construction.